LOCATION KASKAN KS

Established Series
Rev: LAG, JCW, BKN
07/2020

KASKAN SERIES

The Kaskan series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in stratified loamy alluvium. Kaskan soils are on flood plains in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains, MLRA 79. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 740 millimeters (29 inches) and the mean annual air temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F), at the type location.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kaskan loam - on a 0 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 475 meters (1558 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.) As described on September 26, 1995.

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; 22 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--18 to 43 centimeters (7 to 17 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1), interior, silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1), interior, moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 29 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); trace of fine pebbles throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 20 to 50 centimeters (8 to 20 inches) thick.)

Bw1--43 to 61 centimeters (17 to 24 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), interior, loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), interior, moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots throughout; 20 percent clay; few distinct continuous very dark gray (10YR 3/1), moist, organic coats on faces of peds and in pores; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); trace of fine pebbles throughout; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--61 to 89 centimeters (24 to 35 inches); brown (10YR 5/3), interior, fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3), interior, moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; 12 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 13 to 102 centimeters (5 to 40 inches) thick.)

BC--89 to 104 centimeters thick (35 to 41 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3), interior, moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 6 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches) thick.)

C1--104 to 119 centimeters (41 to 47 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3), interior, fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), exterior, moist; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 3 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); neutral; clear smooth boundary.

C2--119 to 168 centimeters (47 to 66 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3), interior, sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), exterior, moist; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; 2 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); 3 percent subrounded mixed gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

C3--168 to 203 centimeters (66 to 80 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/3), interior, stratified sand and gravelly coarse sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), interior, moist; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; single grain; loose, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); 10 percent subrounded mixed gravel; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) north and 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) west of Hutchinson; 781 meters (2561 feet) south and 530 meters (1739 feet) east of the northwest corner of section 28 T.22 S. R. 06 W.; USGS Hutchinson topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 6 minutes 28.7 seconds N. and longitude 97 degrees 59 minutes 23.3 seconds W., WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic bordering on udic
Soil temperature: mesic
Mollic epipedon thickness: 50 to 70 centimeters (20 to 28 inches)
Cambic horizon thickness: 30 to 50 centimeters (12 to 20 inches)
Depth to bedrock: greater than 203 centimeters (80 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: greater than 102 centimeters (40 inches)
Depth to redox concentrations: greater than 102 centimeters (40 inches)
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is intermittently moist in some part from March through October; driest in November through February
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C (56 to 59 degrees F)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 10 to 24 percent
Sand content: 50 to 60 percent
Water table: below 1.5 meters (5 feet) February to June.
Some pedons have Ab, Bwb or Btb horizons.

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content: 17 to 35 percent
Sand content: 15 to 34 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or silt loam
Clay content: 5 to 26 percent
Sand content: 45 to 65 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: fine sand, sand, loamy fine sand, coarse sand, or fine sandy loam, or is stratified with these textures
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Sand content: 75 to 95 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent
Size: gravel
Kind: mixed
Redoximorphic features: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Crucitas, Haozous, Janude, Lamesilla, Paymaster, Payter, and Robido series.
Crucitas, Haozous, Lamesilla, and Robidosoils have greater than 15 percent rock fragments in the control section.
Janude and Payter soils have carbonates at less than 50centimeters.
Paymaster soils are in an aridic ustic soil moisture regime and do not have an apparent wet soil moisture status below 150 cm. in February through June.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: stratified loamy alluvium
Landform: flood plains in river valleys
Slopes: 0 to 1 percent
Elevation: 425 to 490 meters (1400 to 1600 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 12 to 15 degrees C (54 to 59 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 710 to 790 millimeters (28 to 31 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 185 to 225 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Blazefork, Imano, Mahone, and Nickerson soils.
Blazefork soils are somewhat poorly drained and have a fine textured argillic horizon and are on higher positions further away from the stream channels.
Imano soils are on floodplains and are fine-loamy over sandy textures below 50 centimeters (20 inches).
Mahone soils do not have a mollic epipedon and are located on higher parts of the flood plain. Nickerson soils are moderately well drained, have a fine-loamy particle size class, do not have a mollic epipedon, have an argillic horizon, and are on terraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well drained
Runoff: low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high
A seasonal high water table occurs from February to June and ranges from a depth of 150 to 200 centimeters (60 to 80 inches).
Kaskan soils are rarely to frequently flooded for brief duration.

USE AND VEGETATION: Frequently flooded land is used for pasture and rarely flooded land is used for cultivated crops.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. Land Resource Region H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range: MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of small extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas, 1995. The name is coined from the soil series Kaski and Kansas.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 61 centimeters (0 to 24 inches) (Ap, A, Bw1)
Cambic horizon: the zone from 61 to 89 centimeters (24 to 35 inches) (Bw2)
Redoximorphic features: 168 to 203 centimeters (66 to 80 inches) (C3)
Water table: The presence of an apparent water table from greater than 5 feet (1.5 meters) during the months of February to June.

Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Twelfth edition, 2014

This soil was formerly mapped Dale, Vanoss, or water. Both a rare and frequently flooded phase are recognized.

WAW 6/2007. Corrected competing series section.

3/2017 BKN Added clay and sand contents to RIC. Added precipitation pattern to geographic settings. Added cambic horizon and redoximorphic features to RIC and remarks. Updated Keys to Soil Taxonomy to twelfth edition. Added pedon 08KS009002 to additional data.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Typifying pedon sampled 95KS155369R (1-7), Kansas State University Soil Characterization Laboratory sample numbers 977-983. Kansas State University Soil Characterization Laboratory data is also available for Pedon ID 08KS009002

KASKAN SERIES
LRR=H
DATE: 03/29/99: series is established through the final correlation of Reno County.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.