LOCATION LANDCO                  NV

Established Series
Rev. CEJ-GJS-JVC-JBF
03/2016

LANDCO SERIES

The Landco series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from volcanic rocks with some volcanic ash. Landco soils are on alluvial flats. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 180 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty over clayey, mixed over smectitic, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Torriorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Landco silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A--0 to 13 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong very thin and thin platy; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; many fine vesicular and very fine interstitial and tubular pores; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 13 cm thick)

Cy1--13 to 30 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; gypsum crystals present in common fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) filaments; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

Cy2--30 to 46 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, and few fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; gypsum crystals present in few fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) filaments; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear wavy boundary. (15 to 25 cm thick)

2Cy3--46 to 76 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silty clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate coarse and very coarse prismatic structure; very hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; few fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist relict masses of iron accumulation; few 5 to 15 mm firm, rounded durinodes; gypsum crystals present in few fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) filaments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); gradual wavy boundary. (25 to 38 cm thick)

2Cy4--76 to 112 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silty clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak coarse and very coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; few faint clay films lining pores; few fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) moist relict masses of iron accumulation; gypsum crystals present in few fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) filaments; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); gradual smooth boundary. (25 to 50 cm thick)

3C--112 to 175 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist relict masses of iron accumulation and common fine distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist relict zones of iron depletion; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Lander County, Nevada; about 5 miles southeast of Battle Mountain; approximately 1,000 feet east and 400 feet south of the northwest corner of section 11, T. 31 N., R. 45 E.; USGS Blossom Spring 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 34 minutes 46 seconds N and longitude 116 degrees 52 minutes 41 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.5794444 latitude, -116.8780556 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in some part for short periods from mid-October to mid-May, dry from late May through mid-October; typic aridic (torric) soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 10 to 11 degrees C.
Depth to strongly contrasting clayey material: 38 to 64 cm.
Other features: Gypsum crystals within the profile are variable ranging from none to common in any subhorizon.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 10 to 15 percent in the upper part and 35 to 45 percent in the strongly contrasting lower part.

A horizon
Hue: 2.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Structure: Platy, prismatic, or it is massive.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 8 to 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 30.
Gypsum content: 1 to 5 percent.

Cy horizons
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Silt loam or very fine sandy loam.
Structure: Prismatic or it is massive.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline, usually decreasing with depth.
Salinity (EC): 8 to 16 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 30.
Gypsum content: 1 to 5 percent.

2Cy horizons
Consistence: Slightly hard to very hard dry, very friable or friable moist, and moderately sticky or very sticky and moderately plastic or very plastic wet.
Texture: Silty clay or silty clay loam.
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations occur as faint or distinct, few or common relict masses of iron accumulation.
Salinity (EC): 16 to 32 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 46 to 90.
Gypsum content: 1 to 5 percent.

3C horizon
Clay content: 10 to 15 percent.
Salinity (EC): 16 to 32 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 30.
Gypsum content: 0 to 1 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Landco soils are on alluvial flats. These soils formed in alluvium derived from volcanic rocks with some volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1,345 to 1,435 meters. The climate is arid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 200 mm, mean annual temperature is 9 to 10 degrees C., and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Batan, Bubus, and Teman soils. Batan and Bubus soils have Cq horizons with more than 20 percent durinodes in a friable matrix. Batan soils are fine-silty and Bubus soils are coarse-loamy. Teman soils are fine-silty and have calcic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; high surface runoff; slow permeability; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Landco soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly black greasewood, shadscale, Nuttall's saltbush, Indian ricegrass, suaeda, pepperweed and other mustards.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Nevada. These soils are not extensive with about 6,500 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 24.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lander County (North Part), Nevada, 1974.

REMARKS: This revision of December 2002 updates the taxonomic class from Coarse-silty over clayey, mixed, calcareous, mesic Typic Torriorthents. The superactive cation exchange activity class was added to the taxonomic classification based on soil property data.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A and part of Cy1 horizons).
Major lithologic discontinuity - The abrupt change to clayey material at 46 cm (between the Cy2 and 2Cy3 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Cy2 and 2Cy3 horizons and parts of the Cy1 and 2Cy4 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.