LOCATION LANONA ND+SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lanona fine sandy loam in a cultivated field. When sampled the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 9 inches thick)
Bw1--8 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky, and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--12 to 28 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky, and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bw horizons 5 to 26 inches thick)
2Bk--28 to 42 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, and slightly plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; common masses of carbonates; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
2C--42 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Barnes County, North Dakota; 4 miles east and 4 miles north of Valley City; 150 feet south and 130 feet east of the northwest corner, sec. 4, T. 140 N., R. 57 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to carbonates ranges from 14 to 40 inches. The soil is slightly acid to moderately alkaline. The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches in thickness. The depth to finer textured materials ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The clay content of these materials ranges from 18 to 35 percent.
The A horizon has 10YR hue, value of 2 or 3 and 3 or 4 dry, and chroma of 1 in the upper part and 1 or 2 in the lower part. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Bw horizon has 10YR or 2.5Y hue, value of 2 to 5 and 4 to 6 dry, and chroma of 1 to 4. It typically is fine sandy loam, but it is sandy loam in some pedons. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. Some pedons have a 2Bw horizon.
The 2Bk horizon has 10YR to 5Y hue, value of 4 to 6 and 6 or 7 dry, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Some pedons have Bk or 2BC horizons.
The 2C horizon has 2.5Y or 5Y hue, value of 4 to 6 and 6 or 7 dry and chroma of 2 to 4. It typically is loam, clay loam or silt loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It has few to common and faint to distinct mottles in the lower part of most pedons. It does not have mottles in some pedons. In some pedons it has coarser or finer textures below depths of 40 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dunnville, Egeland, Heimdal and Kalispell series. The Dunnville soils have sand 2C horizons within depths of 40 inches and typically are more acid. The Egeland, Heimdal and Kalispell soils do not have a discontinuity with finer textured contrasting materials between a depth of 20 and 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lanona soils are level to strongly sloping on uplands and collapsed shorelines along glacial lakes. The slopes are plane or convex. Slope gradients typically are less than 4 percent but range from 0 to 12 percent. The soil formed in loamy sediments overlying finer textured loamy glacial till or laminated lacustrine sediments. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 37 degrees to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 24 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Egeland and Heimdal soils and the Dickey and Swenoda soils. Egeland, Dickey and Heimdal soils are on similar landscapes. Dickey soils have more sand in the upper part of the control section. Swenoda soils are on lower concave slopes and nearly level positions. Swenoda soils have a mollic epipedon more than 16 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is negligible to low depending on slope. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper part and moderate or moderately slow in the finer textured underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: When cultivated, the principal crops are corn, alfalfa, small grains, and tame pasture. Native grasses include big bluestem, prairie sandreed, little bluestem, and needleandthread.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern North Dakota. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Barnes County, North Dakota, 1988.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 12 inches (Ap and Bw1 horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 12 to 28 inches (Bw2 horizon); calcic horizon - the zone from 12 to 42 inches (2Bk horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: This pedon is about 30 feet northeast of pit where S84ND-003-19 laboratory sample was taken.