LOCATION LAPIN CA

Established Series
JBB/CES/JTW
09/2021

LAPIN SERIES

The Lapin series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils formed in till derived from granitic rocks. The Lapin soils are on ground moraines in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Slopes range from 5 to 30 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 650 mm and the mean annual air temperature is about 2 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, isotic Vitrandic Cryorthents

TYPICAL PEDON: Lapin gravelly loamy coarse sand on a northwest-facing (300 degree), 12 percent slope under a canopy of foxtail pine and lodgepole pine forest at an elevation of 3456 meters. (Colors are for dry soils unless otherwise noted. When described on Saturday, August 1, 2015 the soil was dry throughout.)

A--0 to 9 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loamy coarse sand, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; 5 percent clay; weak medium granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; common very fine roots throughout; common very fine irregular and common fine irregular pores; 10 percent subrounded indurated granite gravel, 5 percent subrounded indurated granite cobbles; NaF pH 9.5; strongly acid (pH 5.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 20 cm thick)

AB--9 to 20 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; 4 percent clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 10 percent subrounded indurated granite gravel, 5 percent subrounded indurated granite cobbles; NaF pH 10.0; strongly acid (pH 5.1); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)

Bw--20 to 42 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) gravelly coarse sand, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; 1 percent clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic; common very fine and few fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 30 percent subrounded indurated granite gravel, 5 percent subrounded indurated granite cobbles, 1 percent subrounded indurated granite stones; NaF pH 10.0; strongly acid (pH 5.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (12 to 50 cm thick)

C--42 to 56 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; 5 percent clay; structureless massive; moderately hard, firm, slightly sticky, nonplastic; few very fine, fine, and medium roots throughout; common very fine tubular and common fine irregular pores; 1 percent fine prominent cylindrical masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; 30 percent subrounded indurated granite gravel, 10 percent subrounded indurated granite cobbles; NaF pH 10.0; strongly acid (pH 5.4); gradual wavy boundary. (12 to 35 cm thick)

Cd--56 to 105 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) very gravelly loamy sand, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; 4 percent clay; structureless massive; hard, very firm, slightly sticky, nonplastic; common very fine and few fine irregular pores; 1 percent fine prominent cylindrical masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries in matrix; 30 percent subrounded indurated granite gravel, 10 percent subrounded indurated granite cobbles; NaF pH 10.5; strongly acid (pH 5.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Tulare County, California, West of Tyndall Creek in Sequoia National Park; USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle: Mount Brewer, California; WGS84 36.644577 latitude and -118.397228 longitude; UTM zone 11 4056354 meters N 375100 meters E NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature: The mean annual soil temperature at 50 cm is 0 to 5 degrees C and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature is more than 6 degrees C. The soils have a cryic temperature regime.

Soil moisture: The soils have a xeric soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in all parts from about August to October (about 90 days).

Diagnostic Feature(s):
Ochric epipedon thickness: 18 cm
Depth to densic contact: 50 to 100 cm

Acid-oxalate extractable Al plus 1/2 Fe: 0.4 to 2.0 percent (by weight) in one or more horizons with a total thickness of 18 cm or more within 75 cm of the mineral soil surface.

Volcanic glass: 5 to 30 percent in the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction in an 18 cm thick layer within a depth of 75cm from the mineral soil surface

Particle size control section weighted average:
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent, with 15 to 35 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 0 to 15 percent stones and 0 to 5 percent boulders.
Clay content: 1 to 8 percent
NaF pH: 9.0 to 11.0

A horizons (and AB horizons, where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 7 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand, coarse sand, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam
Clay content: 1 to 8 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 60 percent
5 to 35 percent gravel
0 to 20 percent cobbles
0 to 5 percent stones
0 to 5 percent boulders
Reaction: very strongly to strongly acid

Bw horizons
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6, dry or moist
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, coarse sand, coarse sandy loam
Clay content: 1 to 8 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 70 percent
15 to 40 percent gravel
0 to 20 percent cobbles
0 to 15 percent stones
0 to 5 percent boulders
Reaction: very strongly to moderately acid

C horizons
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, coarse sand
Clay content: 1 to 6 percent
Rock fragments: 25 to 70 percent
25 to 50 percent gravel
0 to 20 percent cobbles
0 to 10 percent stones
0 to 5 percent boulders
Reaction: strongly to moderately acid

Cd horizons
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 5 or 6 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, coarse sand, sand, sandy loam
Clay content: 1 to 12 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 70 percent
25 to 50 percent gravel
0 to 25 percent cobbles
0 to 20 percent stones
0 to 5 percent boulders
Reaction: strongly to moderately acid
Redoximorphic Features:
Oxidized iron and iron-manganese masses in matrix
Quantity: none to few
Size: fine to medium

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Evolution and Siberian soils. Evolution soils are greater than 150 cm to a densic contact and are moderately well drained. Siberian soils have a densic contact between 100 to 150 cm.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lapin soils are on linear to convex shoulders and backslopes of ground moraines in basins and on plateaus, and moraines on mountain slopes. Slopes range from 5 to 30 percent. These soils formed in till derived from granite and granodiorite. Elevation is 2570 to 3760 meters. The climate is Mediterranean with warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 515 to 1365 mm and the mean annual air temperature is 0 to 5 degrees C. The frost free season is 50 to 100 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Siberian soils. The Siberian soils are on similar landscape positions and are greater than 150 cm to a densic contact.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, high to very high saturated hydraulic conductivity. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the densic layer is moderately low to moderately high.

USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for recreation, wildlife habitat, and watershed. Vegetation is foxtail pine, whitebark pine, lodgepole pine, threadleaf sedge, and Parry's rush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Sierra Nevada Mountains of California; MLRA 22A. These soils are of limited extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES PROPOSED: Tulare County, California in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Source of name is inspired by the large white-tailed jackrabbits inhabiting the high Sierra Nevada Mountains.

REMARKS:
Particle Size Control Section for this pedon: 25 to 56 cm
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric Epipedon 0 to 18 cm
Redox Concentrations 42 to 105 cm
Densic Materials 56 to 105 cm

ADDITIONAL DATA:
NASIS User Pedon ID: 2015CA7923065

Soil classified using the 12th Edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.