LOCATION LAURAMIE IN
Established Series
Rev. TRZ-TJE
11/2021
LAURAMIE SERIES
The Lauramie series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loess and in the underlying glaciofluvium and loamy till. Lauramie soils are on till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lauramie silt loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 209 meters (685 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches) thick]
Bt1--20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common fine vesicular pores; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--30 to 48 cm (12 to 19 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots; common fine vesicular pores; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 8 to 33 cm (3 to 13 inches).]
2Bt3--48 to 64 cm (19 to 25 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common fine vesicular pores; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Bt4--64 to 89 cm (25 to 35 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Bt5--89 to 112 cm (35 to 44 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine tubular pores; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2Bt6--112 to 130 cm (44 to 51 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on surfaces along pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 64 to 114 cm (25 to 45 inches).]
3Bt7--130 to 147 cm (51 to 58 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on surfaces along pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [10 to 38 cm (4 to 15 inches) thick]
3BCt--147 to 160 cm (58 to 63 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine tubular pores; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [10 to 20 cm (4 to 8 inches) thick]
3C--160 to 178 cm (63 to 70 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sandy loam; massive, but fairly well defined horizontal and vertical fracture planes which define plates 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches) horizontally and 1 to 2 cm (.5 to 1 inch) vertically; friable; 10 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Tippecanoe County, Indiana; approximately 2 miles north of Concord; 880 feet west and 975 feet south of the center of sec. 26, T. 22 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Stockwell, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 19 minutes 24.5 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 50 minutes 26.6 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 513531 easting and 4463675 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral, depending upon the liming history
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 32 percent
Silt content: averages more than 50 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 4 or 6
Texture: clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 32 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
3Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content: 2 to 12 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline
3BCt or 3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: fine sandy loam
Clay content: 8 to 15 percent
Sand content: averages 52 to 60 percent
Rock fragment content: 3 to 12 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline; carbonates are present
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Dunbridge,
Falleaf,
Longlois,
Lydick,
Mohawk,
Oneco,
Pana, and
Razort series. Dunbridge and Oneco soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Falleaf, Pana, and Razort soils do not have two lithologic discontinuities (3 parent materials) within the series control section. Longlois soils have more than 12 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Lydick soils have textures that contain less than 50 percent silt in the upper part of the series control section. Mohawk soils have pararock fragments of black or dark gray shale.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lauramie soils are on till plains of Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) of loess and in the underlying glaciofluvium and loamy till. The till contains strata of coarser textured material in many places. Sand and gravel is within a depth of 2.4 to 3.6 meters (8 to 12 feet) in many places. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 914 to 1092 mm (36 to 43 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.9 to 12.2 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F). Frost-free period is 150 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the somewhat poorly drained
Millbrook and
Toronto soils, and the moderately well drained
Octagon soils. Millbrook and Toronto soils are on slightly lower lying landform positions and in drainageways. Octagon soils are calcareous within 102 cm (40 inches) and commonly are on more sloping areas.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly used to grow corn and soybeans. Winter wheat is the principal small grain. Native vegetation is mixed prairie grasses, deciduous trees, and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 111C and 111D in west-central Indiana. The type location is in MLRA 111D. The series is of small extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Tippecanoe County, Indiana, 1993.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon (mollic intergrade): from the surface to a depth of 20 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 30 to 147 cm (Bt, 2Bt, and 3Bt horizons).
A representative NASIS data mapunit is DMU ID 153053 in MO 11.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data available: S84IN157-28, Purdue University.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.