LOCATION LENAWEE MI+IN OH

Established Series
Rev. JKC-CA-ESG
08/2015

LENAWEE SERIES

The Lenawee series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils formed in lacustrine deposits. These soils are on lake plains and in depressions on moraines, outwash plains, and glacial drainageways. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 860 mm, and mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, nonacid, mesic Mollic Epiaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Lenawee silty clay loam on a concave, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 194 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; firm; many fine roots; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron accumulation; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (13 to 23 cm thick)

Bg1--23 to 41 cm; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam; strong coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron accumulation; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt coats on all faces of peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bg2--41 to 61 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; strong coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4), few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron accumulation; many distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt coats on all faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3--61 to 107 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay; strong coarse prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron accumulation; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; common faint gray (10YR 6/1) silt coats on all faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 25 to 116 cm.)

BCg--107 to 140 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron accumulation; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; common faint gray (10YR 6/1) silt coats on all faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 35 cm thick)

Cg--140 to 178 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; massive with weak horizontal bedding planes; firm; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron accumulation; few fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; few fine faint light gray (10YR 7/1) calcium carbonate concretions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Sandusky County, Ohio; located about 2,390 feet south and 1,320 feet west of the northeast corner of section 12, T. 4 N., R. 15 E., Ballville Township; USGS Fremont East, Ohio topographic quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 19 minutes 20.02 seconds N. and longitude 83 degrees 4 minutes 28.95 seconds W., WGS84. UTM zone 17N, 326361 east, 4576607 north, WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to free carbonates: typically 76 to 107 cm, but ranges from 60 to 140 cm.
Particle size control section: averages 35 to 45 percent clay.

Ap horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3.
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Texture: silty clay loam, mucky silty clay, mucky silty clay loam, silty clay, silt loam, or loam
Reaction (pH): 5.6 to 7.8.

Bg horizon
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y.
Value: 4 to 6.
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam containing layers or strata of silt loam, clay, or very fine sand.
Reaction (pH): 6.1 to 7.8.

BCg horizon or BC horizon, where present
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y, or 5GY.
Value: 4 to 6.
Chroma: 1 to 6.
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, silt loam, or clay loam containing layers or strata of silty clay, clay, or very fine sand.
Reaction (pH): 6.1 to 7.8.
Some pedons do not have a BC horizon.

Cg horizon or C horizon, where present
Hue: 7.5YR to 5Y, or 5GY.
Value: 4 to 6.
Chroma: 1 to 6.
Texture: silty clay loam, silt loam, or clay loam; strata of clay, silty clay, very fine sand, or sand are common.
Reaction (pH): 7.4 to 8.4.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Ziegenfuss series. Ziegenfuss soils formed in glacial till, do not have stratified textures within the series control section, and have a depth to a densic contact between 102 and 152 cm.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lenawee soils are on lake plains and in depressional areas on moraines, outwash plains, and glacial drainageways. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Lenawee soils formed in lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 720 to 960 mm. Mean annual temperature ranges from 7 to 12 degrees C. Frost-free period is from 135 to 230 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brookston, Celina, Fox, Miami, and Morley soils in morainal areas of MLRA 111B and the Colwood, Del Rey, Hoytville, Toledo, Shinrock and Ziegenfuss soils on lake plains in MLRA 99. Brookston soils formed in loamy till, are poorly drained, and occupy low lying areas. Brookston soils are also found on lake plains in MLRA 99 where the lacustrine sediments are thin. Celina, Miami, and Morley soils are moderately well drained and occupy nearly level to undulating positions on the landscape. Fox soils are well drained and have a gravelly substratum. Colwood soils have a mollic epipedon. Del Rey soils are somewhat poorly drained and, along with the moderately well drained Shinrock soils, form a drainage sequence with Lenawee soils. Toledo soils have illitic mineralogy, and Hoytville and Ziegenfuss soils are derived from till- these soils occupy landscape positions similar to Lenawee soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or moderately low. These soils are frequently ponded from November to May.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, small grain, soybeans, and hay are the principal crops. A small part, especially areas where artificial drainage is not adequate for cultivation, is in permanent pasture or woodland. Native vegetation is hardwoods; chiefly American elm, white ash, red maple, and swamp white oak.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 97, 98, 99, and 111B in southern Michigan, northern Indiana, and northwestern Ohio. The type location is in MLRA 99. These soils are extensive with about 212,000 acres of the series mapped.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lenawee County, Michigan, 1957.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (Ap horizon).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 107 cm (Bg horizons).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features in all horizons below the ochric epipedon.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.