LOCATION LINVELDT MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Linveldt fine sandy loam on a level slope of 1 percent in alfalfa. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common very fine roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
Bt--9 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 6 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
2Bw1--16 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; 18 percent gravel and 3 percent cobbles; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Bw2--24 to 29 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sand; common medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) redoximorphic depletions and few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; single grain; loose; few fine cylindrical strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron-manganese; 13 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined 2Bw horizons 6 to 20 inches thick)
3Bk--29 to 45 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; common fine discontinuous prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of soil fragments; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; common fine and medium irregular light gray (2.5Y 7/2) masses of carbonate; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 16 inches thick)
3C1--45 to 58 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; many medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; common discontinuous prominent dark olive gray (5Y 3/2) iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of soil fragments; 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
3C2--58 to 71 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; common discontinuous distinct black (5Y 2.5/1) redoximorphic-manganese stains on vertical faces of soil fragments; 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
3C3--71 to 82 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; common fine and medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; firm; common discontinuous distinct black (5Y 2.5/1) iron-manganese stains on vertical faces of soil fragments; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Polk County, Minnesota; about 8 miles north of Gully; 2390 feet north and 200 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 16, T. 151 N., R. 39 W.; 47 degrees, 53 minutes, 51 seconds north latitude, 95 degrees, 38 minutes, 49 seconds west longitude; USGS Gully NW topoquadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 14 inches thick. Carbonates are typically below the Bt horizon, but can be present in the lower part of the Bt horizon. Depth to loamy glacial till ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The till has more than 18 percent clay. The upper mantle has 2 to 15 percent rock fragments. The 2Bw horizon has 0 to 35 percent rock fragments, and the 3C horizon has 2 to 15 percent rock fragments. The soil moisture control section is not dry in any part for as long as 90 cumulative days in most years.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 and 4 to 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
Some pedons have an E horizon as much as 3 inches thick. It has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam or loam. Some pedons have thin subhorizons of sandy clay loam. It has few to many, thin or moderately thick clay films and patches on faces of peds and in pores. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The 2Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. The fine earth fraction is fine sand, sand, coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand or loamy sand. It has a thin zone with as much as 35 percent gravel at the contact with the loamy material at the base of the horizon in some pedons. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The 3Bk and 3C horizons have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. They have common or many, distinct or prominent redoximorphic features. They are slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. The 3Bk and 3C horizons formed in Des Moines till and have textures of loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. They have 18 to 35 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine sand and coarser sand. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 10 to 25 percent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.35 to 1.60 g/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Clitherall, Langola and Oylen series. Clitherall soils are underlain by glacial till that averages less than 18 percent clay. Langola soils have a densic contact (dense till) within the series control section and are greater than 40 inches deep to carbonates. Oylen soils do not have underlying loamy material within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Linveldt soils are on linear or convex slopes of 0 to 3 percent on glacial lake plains. They formed in 20 to 40 inches of water worked sediments over loamy glacial till. These materials are of late Wisconsin age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 38 to 42 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 19 to 24 inches. Frost-free season is 100 to 135 days. Elevation is 800 to 1000 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eckvoll, Kratka, Pelan, Reiner and Smiley soils. Eckvoll soils have E horizons more than 3 inches thick and are on similar positions on the landscape. Kratka and Smiley soils have a wet soil moisture status withing 0.5 feet of the surface at some time during the period of April through July and are in concave, wetter positions. Pelan soils have more than 35 percent rock fragments in the B horizon and are on similar positions as Linveldt soils. Reiner soils have more clay in the B horizon and are on similar position in the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is negligible to very low. Permeability is moderately rapid or rapid in the upper part and moderate in the underlying material. Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table is as high as 2.0 to 4.0 feet at some time from April through July in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Commonly cropped to small grains, sunflowers, and hay. Native vegetation is savanna with tall prairie grasses and scattered forests of bur oak and quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Minnesota. This series is not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pennington County, Minnesota; October 1981.
REMARKS: The series concept includes soils of the inactive Gudrid series used in the Reconnaissance Soil Survey of Lake of the Woods County, series 1926.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 9 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 9 to 16 inches (Bt horizon); oxyaquic subgroup criteria - evidence of saturation (redoximorphic features) below a depth of 24 inches (2Bw2 and 3Bk horizons).