LOCATION REINER MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Reiner fine sandy loam with a west-facing slightly convex slope of 2 percent on a lake plain, in a small grain field at 1,130 feet elevation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 16 inches thick)
B/E--7 to 9 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam (Bt), about 70 percent of horizon; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam (E), about 30 percent of horizon; moderate fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm (Bt) and friable (E); common thin discontinuous very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of secondary peds; common very fine and fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
Bt--9 to 17 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; firm; many moderately thick continuous very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; many very fine and few fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 16 inches thick)
Bw--17 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; common medium distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) redox depletions and few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) redox concentrations; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky; friable; common very fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bk1--21 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay loam; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) redox concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak thin platy; few fine irregularly shaped masses of carbonates; friable; few very fine and fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Bk2--29 to 35 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and many medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic concentrations and coatings on faces of peds; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium platy; friable; fine irregular filaments and threads of carbonates; few fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 0 to 15 inches thick)
C1--35 to 53 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redox concentrations and many medium prominent gray (5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions and coatings on faces of plates; massive; friable; hard when dry; about 5 percent gravel; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--53 to 70 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; about 3 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C3--70 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and light olive brown (2.5Y5/3) loam; common medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and many coarse distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; massive; friable; about 3 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles with 1 percent weathered granite fragments; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Pennington County, Minnesota; about 2 miles south of Thief River Falls; 1,050 feet west and 1,250 feet south of the center of Sec. 11, T. 153 N., R. 43 W.; 48 degrees, 4 minutes, 60 seconds north latitude and 96 degrees, 8 minutes, 55 seconds west longitude; NAD27; USGS Thief River Falls topoquadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to carbonates ranges from 13 to 22 inches. The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches thick. The particle-size control section has 24 to 35 percent clay and 20 to 50 percent sand. Content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 15 percent. A lag line less than 2 inches thick containing as much as 50 percent rock fragments is in some pedons above a depth of 30 inches. The soil has an abrupt textural change (more than 20 percent absolute clay increase) within 7.5 cm of the upper boundary of the Bt horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, 3 to 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand or loamy sand. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline. Some pedons have an A horizon.
The Bt horizon matrix has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3 in the upper part and hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4 in the lower part. It has redox features with a chroma of 2 or less in the lower part. Texture is clay loam, loam, or sandy clay loam. Reaction is neutral to slightly alkaline.
A Bk horizon, when present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is loam or clay loam. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The BCk, CBk and C horizons have hue of 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma 2 to 4. Distinct or prominent redox features are present within depths of 40 inches. Texture is loam, silty clay loam or clay loam with 18 to 35 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine sand and coarser sand. Calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 10 to 25 percent. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.35 to 1.60 g/cc. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Knute and Oakcreek series. Knute soils have less than 18 percent clay in the Bk and C horizons. Oakcreek soils have sandy 2C horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have linear or slightly convex slopes with gradient of 0 to 3 percent on lake plains. They formed in loamy calcareous glacial till of late Wisconsin age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 38 to 44 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 19 to 24 inches. Elevation ranges from 800 to 1250 feet. The frost-free period is 110 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Eckvoll, Kratka, Linveldt, Roliss and Smiley and series. The poorly drained Kratka, Roliss, and Smiley soils are on lower positions in the landscape. Linveldt and Eckvoll soils are on similar positions but developed in 20 to 40 inches of sandy sediment over the loamy glacial till.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is negligible or low. Permeability is moderate. Depth to an apparent seasonal high water table is as high as 2.5 to 4.0 feet at some time from April through July in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are cultivated. Small grains, sunflowers, corn silage, and hay are the principal crops. The remaining area is used as pastureland or remains in trees. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie and trees such as bur oak and quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Minnesota in the Red River Valley. This series is extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pennington County, Minnesota, 10/81.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - 0 to 7 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - 7 to 17 inches (Bt horizon); oxyaquic subgroup criteria - redoximorphic features within 40 inches of the surface.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to NSSL Sample S78-MN-113-003 for results of laboratory analyses of the typifying pedon.