LOCATION LODI VA+WV

Established Series
Rev. DGF, JRT, MEC/REV MDJ
09/2011

LODI SERIES

MLRA(s): 128, 147
Depth Class: Very Deep
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well Drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately High to High
Permeability Class (Obsolete): Moderate
Landscape: Hills
Parent Material: Residuum weathered from limestone, sandstone and shale
Slope: 0 to 45 percent
Mean Annual Air Temperature (type location): 13 Degrees C (55 degrees F)
Mean Annual Precipitation (type location): 1016 millimeters (40 inches)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, subactive, mesic Typic Hapludults

TYPICAL PEDON: Lodi silt loam - 7 to 15 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil).

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent chert fragments up to 2 inches; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. 0 to 30 cm thick (0 to 12 inches)

Btl--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular structure; friable, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; few fine clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent black oxide stains up to 2 mm; 2 percent chert fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. 0 to 20 cm thick (0 to 8 inches)

Bt2--28 to 46 cm (11 to 18 inches), yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) lithochromic mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine roots; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt3--46 to 66 cm (18 to 26 inches), yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) lithochromic mottles; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few fine pores; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4--66 to 104 cm (26 to 41 inches), yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) lithochromic mottles; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; 10 percent chert fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt5--104 to 152 cm (41 to 60 inches), yellowish red (5YR 4/6) gravelly clay; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) lithochromic mottles; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; 15 percent chert fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 30 to 60 inches)

C--152 to 183 cm (60 to 72 inches), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay; many coarse distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and few fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) lithochromic mottles; massive; friable; very strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Rockingham County, Virginia; approximately 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) south of downtown Harrisonburg, 1.1 kilometers (0.7 miles) southwest of intersection of I-81 and VA-710, 200 meters (650 feet) southeast of the pedestrian tunnel under I-81. Latitude N 41 degrees 37 minutes 49.2 seconds Longitude W 71 degrees 49 minutes 44.6 seconds

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic: Less than 50 cm (20 inches)
Solum Thickness: 100 to 200 cm (40 to 80 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 150 cm (60 inches)
Depth to seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 150 cm (60 inches)
Rock Fragment Content: Up to 60% in the Ap or A and 0 to 25% in the Bt and C horizons
Soil Reaction: Very strongly or strongly acid, unless limed

A or Ap horizon:
Color--hue of 10YR, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6.
Texture (fine earth fraction)--fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Eroded areas include silty clay loam and clay loam.

AB, BA, or BE horizon, where present:
Color--hue of 5YR or 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8.
Texture (fine earth fraction)--silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, silt loam, or fine sandy loam.

Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 6 or 8.
Texture (fine earth fraction)clay, silty clay, clay loam, silty clay loam, and sandy clay loam.

BC horizon, where present:
Color-- hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8.
Texture (fine earth fraction)--clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay

C horizon:
Color--hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8.
Texture (fine earth fraction)--sandy clay loam, silty clay, loam, clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam and includes sandy seams or strata in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES:
Diana Mills - in the Piedmont uplands and are deep to soft bedrock; in addition, they formed in clayey residuum weathered from mixed felsic and mafic metamorphic and igneous rocks.
Fairfax - soils occur in the Piedmont uplands and typically contain mica; in addition, they have an upper mantle of silty fluvial material lying over a solum of material weathered from schist and gneiss.
Goblintown - occur in the Piedmont uplands and are moderately deep to soft bedrock; in addition, they formed in residuum weathered from felsic graphitic schist and graphitic phyllite.
Littlejoe - occur in the Piedmont uplands and are deep to soft bedrock; in addition, they formed in residuum weathered from sericite schist or graphitic schist.
Penhook - occur in the Piedmont uplands and typically contain mica; in addition, they formed in residuum weathered from slate, phyllite, or schist.
Tick - occur in the Ozarks Highlands region of south-central Missouri and have formed in gravelly slope alluvium and the underlying dense, clayey mudstone.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Hills
Landform: Hillslopes
Geomorphic Component: Sideslope
Hillslope Profile Position: Backslope
Parent Material: Residuum from limestone, sandstone, and shale
Slope: 0 to 45 percent
Elevation: 300 to 1000 meters (1,000 to 3,200 ft)
Frost Free Period: 120 to 260 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C (55 to 59 degrees F)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 914 to 114 cm (36 to 45 inches)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Braddock - has formed in colluvial fans.
Groseclose - has variegated colors with shale and siltstone fragments
Timberville - have more yellow hues and an argillic starting below 20 inches.
Bolton - have base saturation greater than 35 percent.
Opequon - soils have a lithic contact within a 20 inch depth.
Hagertown - have base saturation greater than 35 percent.
McClung - soils are fine-loamy and have a thicker solum.
Poplimento - have base saturation greater than 35 percent.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained.
Internal Free Water Occurrence: Greater than 150 cm (60 inches).
Index Surface Runoff: medium to rapid.
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high to high.
Perneability Class (Obsolete): Moderate.
Shrink-Swell Potential: Moderate
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None.
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None.

USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Equally for cropped, pastured, and woodland. Apple orchards are an important use near the type location and surrounding areas in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.
Dominant Vegetation: Native vegetation is mixed hardwood species.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: MLRA's 128 and 147 in Virginia and West Virginia
Extent: Moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washington County, Virginia, 1940.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epedon - The zone between 0 to 7 inches (Ap hroizon)
Argillic horizon - The zone from 7 to 60 inches (Bt horizons.
Series Control Section - 0 to 152 cm (0 to 60 inches)

12/2004 Based on three sampled pedons at the NSSL, the CE activity class is subactive. Changed clayey to fine textural family. MAV

5/2010 Updated Competing Series and Geographically Associated Soils sections. Expanded range in characteristics of AB horizon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: S70VA165-4 is from the type location. Additional data is available for Lodi soils in Clarke, Montgomery, and Pulaski Counties, Virginia.

SIR = VA0086 MLRA 128, 147 REVISED = 7/18/91

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.