LOCATION LONGFORD KS+NE
Established Series
Rev. WAW, DJK
07/2020
LONGFORD SERIES
The Longford series consists of deep and very deep, well drained soils that formed in loess or reworked loess over reworked residuum weathered from sandstone and shale. Longford soils are on hillslopes on uplands in the Central Kansas Sandstone Hills, MLRA 74. Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 760 millimeters (30 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Udic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Longford silt loam in rangeland at an elevation of 433 meters (1420 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; many fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches) thick)
BA--25 to 41 centimeters (10 to 16 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; many fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches) thick)
Bt1--41 to 56 centimeters (16 to 22 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, plastic and sticky; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) stains and clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--56 to 102 centimeters (22 to 40 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; strong fine and medium blocky structure; very hard, firm, plastic and sticky; clay films on faces of peds; few coarse roots, slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--102 to 117 centimeters (40 to 46 inches); reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) silty clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, plastic and sticky; thin discontinuous clay films on ped faces; few very fine and fine black concretions and sandstone pebbles; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 48 to 100 centimeters (19 to 40 inches))
2BC--117 to 152 centimeters (46 to 60 inches); reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; few fine and medium black concretions and fine sandstone pebbles; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Cloud County, Kansas; about 3 kilometers (2 miles) south of Miltonvale; about 640 meters (2,100 feet) west and 91 meters (300 feet) south of the northeast corner of sec. 31, T. 8 S., R. 1 W. Miltonville USGS quadrangle; latitude 39 degrees 19 minutes 12.8 seconds N. and longitude 97 degrees 28 minutes 14.9 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture control section: The soil moisture control section is intermittently moist in some part from March through October; driest in November through February; ustic moisture regime bordering on udic
Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 58 degrees F)
Mollic epipedon: 25 to 49 centimeters (10 to 20 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 90 to greater than 150 centimeters (36 to greater than 60 inches)
Depth to lithologic discontinuity: 90 to greater than 200 cm (36 to greater than 80 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Sand content: 5 to 26 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 18 to 33 percent
Sand content: 5 to 35 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral.
BA horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam or clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 39 percent
Sand content: 5 to 30 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizons:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam
Clay content: average clay content is 35 to 45 percent. Lower Bt horizons may have as low as 32 percent.
Sand content: 5 to 26 percent
Redoximorphic features: few or common, very fine to medium iron-manganese concretions
Rock fragments: 0 to 2 percent fine and medium sandstone gravel
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
2BC or BC horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 dry and 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 3 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 20 to 32 percent
Sand content: 10 to 40 percent
Redoximorphic features: few or common, very fine to medium iron-manganese concretions; Depletions, Hue 10YR, Value 4 or 5 moist, Chroma 1 moist; Concentrations, Hue 5YR to 10YR, Value 3 to 5 moist, Chroma 4 to 8 moist
Rock fragments: 0 to 2 percent fine and medium sandstone gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The 2C or C horizon when present has properties similar to the 2BC or BC horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Hastings and
Lasita series.
Hastings soils do not have hues as red as 7.5YR in the argillic horizon.
Lasita soils have a paralithic contact that occurs between 50 and 100 cm (20 to 40 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Loess or reworked loess over reworked residuum weathered from sandstone and shale
Landform: Hillslopes on uplands
Slopes: 0 to 12 percent
Elevation: 345 to 590 meters (1130 to 1935 feet)
Mean annual air temperature: 10 to 14 degrees C (50 to 58 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 585 to 860 millimeters (23 to 35 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 160 to 190 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Crete,
Geary,
Lancaster, and
Muir soils.
Crete soils are on higher interfluves or hillslopes, have a mollic epipedon that makes pachic, and have more clay in the particle-size control section.
Geary soils are on similar positions and are fine-silty.
Lancaster soils are typically on lower hillslope positions and have a paralithic contact with sandstone or shale within 100 cm.
Muir soils are on stream terraces and are fine-silty.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Runoff: Medium to high
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped with some areas being irrigated. The principle crops are wheat, grain sorghum, corn, and soybeans. Native vegetation is tall and mid prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Kansas to north central Nebraska. Land Resource Region H, Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region and M, Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region. Major Land Resource Areas 74, 75, 76, 102C, and 106. The series is of moderate extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clay County, Kansas, 1926.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 41 centimeters (0 to 16 inches). (A and BA horizons)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 41 to 117 centimeters (16 to 46 inches). (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: The zone from 102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches). (Bt3 and 2BC horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: at the upper boundary of the 2BC horizon.
Keys to Taxonomy: Twelth Edition, 2014.
04/2013 DJK - Updated to meet current MO5 standards (Tech Note 1, revision 4). Added metric conversions, updated climate, and updated landform positions. Added elevation to typical pedon. Added quad and lat/long to type location. Added clay and sand contents, rock fragments, calcium carbonate equivalent, redox to RIC. Added a BA section to RIC. Added Lasita to competing series. Edited parent material and climate in geographic setting. Updated geographically associated soils (deleted Hastings, Hedville, and Hobbs). Changed permeability to Ksat. Added LRR and MLRA to distribution and extent. Added redox and lithologic discontinuity to remarks section. Added KSSL characterization to additional data.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Additional KSSL characterization available for pedons 78NE151025, 88KS061003s, 88KS061140, 97KS029172, S02KS-029-001, S09KS201001
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.