LOCATION HASTINGS NE+KS

Established Series
Rev. LGR-RRZ-DJK
07/2020

HASTINGS SERIES

The Hastings series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loess. Hastings soils are on interfluves and hillslopes on loess uplands in the Central Loess Plains, MLRA 75. Slopes range from 0 to 17 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 millimeters (28 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C (52 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Udic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hastings silt loam, with a slope of less than 1 percent, in a cultivated field at an elevation of 498 meters (1632 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--15 to 36 centimeters (6 to 14 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizon is 13 to 36 centimeters (5 to 14 inches).)

BA--36 to 51 centimeters (14 to 20 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong fine and very fine subangular blocky; hard, firm; dark colored coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 15 centimeters (3 to 6 inches) thick)

Bt1--51 to 74 centimeters (20 to 29 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium and coarse subangular blocky; hard, firm; thin clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2--74 to 94 centimeters (29 to 37 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) moist; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; dark coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizon is 25 to 51 centimeters (10 to 20 inches).)

BC--94 to 122 centimeters (37 to 48 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; dark coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches) thick)

C--122 to 200 centimeters (48 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; massive; soft, friable; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: York County, Nebraska; about 3 kilometers (2 miles) east of York; located about 46 meters (150 feet) south and 24 meters (80 feet) west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 10 N., R. 2 W.; York South USGS quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 52 minutes 19.0 seconds N. and longitude 97 degrees 32 minutes 24.1 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: moist in some part from October to April; intermittently moist from May to July; driest in July to September
Moisture regime: ustic bordering on udic
Mean annual soil temperature: 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 55 degrees F)
Depth to secondary carbonates: 80 to 150 centimeters (32 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 20 to 49 centimeters (8 to 19 inches)
Depth to the argillic horizon: 15 to 60 centimeters (6 to 24 inches)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 42 percent
Sand content: 4 to 10 percent

A and Ap horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 21 to 34 percent
Sand content: 6 to 18 percent
Reaction: moderately acid or slightly acid

BA horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 31 to 39 percent
Sand content: 5 to 12 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizons:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 35 and 42
Sand content: 4 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly acid to neutral

BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Sand content: 5 to 12 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 1 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 30 percent
Sand content: 5 to 12 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Comment: few, fine and medium, distinct, relict redoximorphic features having hue of 10YR, or 7.5YR, a value of 4 to 6 moist, and a chroma of 4 to 8 are present in the BC and C horizons; also few, fine and medium, prominent 10YR 8/1, rounded, carbonate concretions in C horizon in some pedons

When there are secondary carbonates present, the BC and C horizons are now being called Bk horizons to indicate soil development. Bk horizons would have the same properties as described in the Range in Characteristics for the BC and C horizons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lasita and Longford series.
Lasita soils have a paralithic contact from 50 to 100 cm.
Longford soils have hues of 5YR or 7.5YR in the argillic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loess
Landform: interfluves and hillslopes on loess uplands
Slope: 0 to 17 percent
Elevation: 405 to 675 meters (1328 to 2214 feet)
Mean annual temperature: is from 10 to 12 degrees C (50 to 54 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 660 to 810 millimeters (26 to 32 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 150 to 178 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Butler, Crete, Fillmore, and Scott soils.
Butler soils are somewhat poorly drained are on flat or slightly concave depressions
Crete soils are moderately well drained, have greater than 42 percent clay in the PSCS, and occur on similar landform positions.
Fillmore and Scott soils are on closed depressions on loess uplands, pond water during the growing season, and are saturated in the soil moisture control section for longer periods during the growing season.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well drained
Runoff: negligible to medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated.
Common crops are corn, grain sorghum, winter wheat, soybeans, and alfalfa.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Nebraska and north-central Kansas. Land Resource Region H, Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region; MLRA 75, Central Loess Plains. Hastings soils are extensive, totaling more than 1,000,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Adams County, Nebraska, 1923.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 51 centimeters (0 to 20 inches) (Ap and A horizons) Argillic horizon: 51 to 94 centimeters (20 to 37 inches) (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Severely eroded Hastings soils no longer classify as Mollisols and will need to be recorrelated to a new series.

OSD Modification 2/2002RRZ: Added chroma of 1 to BA horizon; added to comment of the C horizon that Caco3 concretions are present

10/17/05 JCR
Changed to semi-tab format, added metric conversions and changed permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.

OSD Modification 1/2012 DJK:
Updated MAP and MAAT in introduction after reviewing climate data.
Added elevation to typical pedon.
Added quadrangle, latitude, and longitude for type location.
In RIC changed moisture regime from udic to ustic bordering on udic. Edited mollic thickness in RIC to not be pachic. Added in depth to argillic. Added in clay content and sand content for each horizon. For BC horizon changed reaction from slightly acid to slightly alkaline to neutral to moderately alkaline (based on lab data). For C horizon changed mottles to relict redoximorphic features.
Updated competing series to include Lasita.
Added elevation and FFD to geographic setting and updated landform.
Deleted Holder and Hall from geographically associated soils because don't occur near type location. Updated the others.
Added LRR and MLRA to distribution and extent.
Added additional pedons with NSSL characterization data to additional data.

OSD Modification 8/2012 DJK Lowered the depth to carbonates from 91 cm to 80. Added mean annual soil temperature range to RIC. Raised the sand content for the Ap horizon from 15 to 18 percent. Lowered the lower clay content for the Ap from 23 to 21 and raised the upper from 32 to 34 percent. Raised the upper clay content for the BA horizon from 38 to 39 percent. Lowered sand content for the BC horizon from 27 to 24 percent. Added silt loam as possible texture for BC horizon. In RIC, added CCE for the BC and C horizons and added statement about now being Bk horizons. Added precipitation pattern and changed MAP to 26 to 32 inches in the geographic setting. Deleted Massie from geographically associated soils. Changed runoff to include negligible.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
National Soil Survey Laboratory characterization data for pedons 53KS029002, 54NE035001, 54NE035002, 54NE185001, 54NE185002, 59NE001001, 64NE181002, 78NE081005, 78NE081007, 80NE081122, and 93NE159010is available. Thesis entitled Hastings soils by Christian J. Johannsen, James V. Drew and John A. Elder; November 1962; University of Nebraska College of Agriculture.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.