LOCATION LADO                    ID

Established Series
Rev: BLR-BDG-RJS
03/2016

LADO SERIES

The Lado series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in a thick mantle of volcanic ash over colluvium derived from granite or gneiss. They are on mountain slopes, hills, benches, ridges and summits. Slopes range from 5 to 60 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 1,025 mm, and the average annual temperature is about 5.6 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial over loamy, amorphic over mixed, active, frigid Alfic Udivitrands

TYPICAL PEDON: Lado medial silt loam, forested, on a 15 percent slope at 1,035 meters elevation. Aspect is southeast. When described on October 29, 1991 the profile was frozen to 15 cm and moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

Oi--0 to 3 cm; fresh and partially decomposed needles, twigs, cones, and leaves.

Oe--3 to 5 cm; decomposed needles, twigs, and leaves.

A--5 to 10 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) medial silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine and fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine, and few medium irregular pores; 10 percent fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 23 cm thick).

Bw1--10 to 23 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) medial silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine and fine granular structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine, and common medium roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 2 percent very fine and fine charcoal; 10 percent fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary.

Bw2--23 to 51 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) medial silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) moist; weak fine and medium subangular structure parting to weak very fine and fine granular; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 3 percent very fine, fine, and medium charcoal; 5 percent medium rounded iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (combined thickness of Bw1, Bw2 horizons - 23 to 48 cm).

2Bt1--51 to 91 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and medium roots located along ped faces and few very fine roots located in interior of peds; common very fine and fine irregular pores; common, distinct clay films on faces of peds; 3 percent very fine and fine charcoal; 2 percent fine mica flakes; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2--91 to 123 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots located along ped faces and few very fine roots located in interior of peds; common very fine tubular pores; common, distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent fine mica flakes; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (combined thickness of 2Bt1, 2Bt2 horizons - 41 to 72 cm).

3Bt--123 to 163 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine platy; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots located along ped faces; common very fine irregular and tubular pores; common, faint clay films on faces of peds; 15 percent fine mica flakes oriented horizontally; moderately acid (pH 5.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Clearwater County, Idaho; about 5 miles south and 6 miles east of Weippe, Idaho; about 600 feet (183 m) north and 2,100 feet (640 m)east of the southwest corner of sec. 11, T. 34 N., R. 5 E.; Latitude - 46 degrees, 17 minutes, 48 seconds North; Longitude - 115 degrees, 47 minutes, 52 seconds West. USGS Brown Creek Ridge Quadrangle.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 3.9 to 7.2 degrees C.
Soil moisture - usually moist year around and not dry for 45 consecutive days during June to October

Volcanic ash mantle*
*Thickness - 36 to 56 cm
*Glass content - 15 to 50 percent
*Acid-oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe - 1.5 to 2.5 percent
*Phosphate retention - 55 to 95 percent
*15-bar water retention on air dried samples - 8 to 17 percent

A horizon
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 4 to 6 dry, 2.5 to 4 moist
Chroma - 2 to 4 dry or moist
Clay content - 5 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content - 0 to 2 percent gravel
Iron-manganese concretion content - 0 to 20 percent
Reaction - 5.5 to 7.1
Bulk density - 0.60 to 0.95 g/cc

Bw1, Bw2 horizons
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR dry or moist
Value - 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma - 3 to 6 dry or moist
Clay content - 5 to 18 percent
Rock fragment content - 0 to 2 percent gravel
Iron-manganese concretion content - 0 to 10 percent
Reaction - 5.1 to 7.0
Bulk density - 0.65 to 1.00 g/cc

2E, 2E/B, 2B/E horizons (where present)
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 6 or 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma -3 or 4 dry
Texture - loam or silt loam
Clay content - 18 to 25 percent
Rock fragment content - 0 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 1 percent cobbles
Mica content - 0 to 15 percent
Reaction - 5.5 to 6.3

2Bt1, 2Bt2 horizons
Hue - 2.5YR to 10YR dry or moist
Value - 4 to 8 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma - 3 to 8 dry or moist
Textures - loam, silt loam or clay loam
Clay content - 15 to 34 percent
Rock fragment content - 0 to 20 percent gravel, 0 to 1 percent cobbles, 0 to 20 percent total rock fragment content
Mica content - 0 to 15 percent
Reaction - 5.5 to 6.7

3Bt horizon
Hue - 2.5YR to 10YR dry or moist
Value - 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma - 3 to 6 moist
Texture - loam, clay loam or sandy loam
Clay content - 15 to 31 percent
Rock fragment content - 0 to 22 percent gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent total rock fragment content
Mica content - 0 to 20 percent
Reaction - 5.2 to 6.4

3BC, 3C horizons (when present)
Hue - 2.5Y to 10YR dry or moist
Value - 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma - 3 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Texture - loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam
Clay content - 6 to 18 percent
Rock fragment content - 3 to 18 percent gravel, 0 to 5 percent cobbles, 3 to 20 percent total rock fragment content
Mica content - 0 to 25 percent
Reaction - 5.2 to 6.3

COMPETING SERIES:
Lostpete (ID) - do not have 3Bt horizons
Odonnell (ID) - have an albic and/or glossic horizons within 100 cm of the soil surface
Povo (ID) - 3Bt contains fragments of rhyolite and/or dacite

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - mountain slopes, hills, benches, ridges, summits
Elevation - 515 to 1,506 meters
Slope - 5 to 60 percent
Parent material - volcanic ash over colluvium derived from granite or gneiss
Mean annual precipitation - 725 to 1,275 mm
Mean annual air temperature - 3.3 to 7.7 degrees C
Frost-free period - 50 to 120 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brequito, Brodeer and Mushel series. Brequito soils occur on mountain slopes and ridge summits and have a thin mantle of volcanic ash. Brodeer soils occur on mountain slopes and hills and do not have a discreet loess layer in the profile. Mushel soils occur on mountain slopes and hills. They do not have a discreet loess layer and have a thin mantle of volcanic ash.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained, moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, watershed, and recreation. Potential natural vegetation is western red cedar, grand fir, western larch, western white pine, and Douglas-fir, with an understory of wild ginger, queencup beadlily, coolwort foamflower, pioneer violet, princes pine, and fools huckleberry.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North Central Idaho. Lado soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 43A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clearwater County, Idaho, 2003.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 10 cm (Oi, Oe, A horizons)
Volcanic ash cap - from 5 to 51 cm (A, Bw1, Bw2 horizons)
Argillic horizon - from 51 to 123 cm (2Bt1, 2Bt2 horizons)
Particle size control section - 5 to 105 cm (A, Bw1, Bw2, 2Bt1, part of 2Bt2 horizons).

Lado soils have a frigid temperature regime and an udic moisture regime.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available for this series; S92ID-035-035 (93P 90) from Clearwater County, Idaho; by NSSL, Lincoln, NE.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.