LOCATION LADOGA IA+KS MO
Established Series
Rev. FFR-JES-DJP
08/2017
LADOGA SERIES
The Ladoga series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in loess. These soils are on convex summits of interfluves, side slopes, and nose slopes on dissected till plains and treads and risers on stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 30 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 900 millimeters.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Ladoga silt loam, on a north-facing slope of 7 percent in a deciduous forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 18 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) kneaded, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (13 to 23 centimeters thick)
E--18 to 25 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on faces of peds and worm casts; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 18 centimeters thick)
BE--25 to 36 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 11 centimeters thick)
Bt1--36 to 48 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate and strong fine subangular blocky; friable; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--48 to 64 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--64 to 81 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt coats on vertical faces of peds; few fine concretions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--81 to 114 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium angular blocky; friable; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine concretions; common fine and medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt5--114 to 130 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; friable; few distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; common fine and medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 66 to 135 centimeters.)
C--130 to 152 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; massive; friable; many fine and medium faint olive gray (5Y 5/2) redoximorphic depletions; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Land Resource Unit (LRU) 108D-Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part, Guthrie County, Iowa; about 5 miles south and 3 miles west of Guthrie Center; about 1,500 feet south and 1,400 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 78 N., R. 32 W.; USGS Casey topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 35 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 33 minutes 48 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 42 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 5 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--15 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
BE horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content--27 to 42 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Reaction--strongly acid or moderately acid
BC (when present) and C horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--24 to 32 percent
Sand content--less than 5 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Armster series.
Armster--average more than 5 percent sand in the particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loess
Landform--convex summits of interfluves, side slopes, and nose slopes on dissected till plains and treads and risers on stream terraces
Slope--0 to 30 percent
Elevation--170 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--750 to 970 millimeters
Frost-free period--160 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Armstrong,
Clinton,
Gara, and
Givin soils.
Armstrong--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes and nose slopes and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Clinton--are in similar landscape positions to those of the Ladoga soils and have a surface layer less than 13 centimeters thick
Gara--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes and have a sand content that averages 25 to 45 percent in the particle-size control section
Givin--are at higher landscape positions on the nearly level summits of interfluves soils and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within a depth of 1.2 meters during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--0.1 to 10.0 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--negligible to high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybean, small grain, and grass-legume hay. The native vegetation is mixed big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and deciduous trees (oak-hickory).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107) and Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRR M; southern Iowa, northern Missouri, and northeastern Kansas
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED:
Taylor County, Iowa, 1948.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 36 to 86 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons).
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (A, E, BE, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, and C horizon).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 36 to 86 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons).
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (A, E, BE, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5, and C horizon).
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 25 centimeters (A and E horizons).
Albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 18 to 25 centimeters (E horizon).
Argillic horizon--the zone from 36 to 130 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, and Bt5 horizons).
Udic moisture regime.
User Pedon ID of OSD Typical Pedon is 1974IA077077
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.