LOCATION LAMONT IA+IL MN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lamont fine sandy loam, on a slope of 5 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam, gray (10YR 6/1) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [5 to 23 centimeters (2 to 9 inches) thick]
E--20 to 41 centimeters (8 to 16 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [8 to 25 centimeters (3 to 10 inches) thick]
BE--41 to 58 centimeters (16 to 23 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. ([0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches) thick]
Bt--58 to 99 centimeters (23 to 39 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; common distinct clay films; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [30 to 66 centimeters (12 to 26 inches) thick]
BC--99 to 135 centimeters (39 to 53 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 76 centimeters (0 to 30 inches) thick]
E and Bt--135 to 203 centimeters (53 to 80 inches); mixed yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) loamy fine sand (2E); single grain; loose; few brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam lamellae (2Bt) 1 to 2 centimeters (1/2 to 1 inch) thick; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Linn County, Iowa subset; about 2 miles east of Cedar Rapids; 378 meters (1,240 feet) east and 198 meters (650 feet) south of the northwest corner of section 21, T. 83 N., R. 6 W., USGS Bertram quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 59 minutes 20.2 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 33 minutes 18.9 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--greater than 152 centimeters (60 inches)
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--10 to 15 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--60 to 80 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--uneroded 3; cultivated or eroded 3 or 4
Chroma--uneroded 1 or 2; cultivated or eroded 2 or 3
Texture--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--5 to 20 percent
Sand content--50 to 80 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
E horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 20 percent
Sand content--50 to 80 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
BE horizon (if present):
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 20 percent
Sand content--50 to 80 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content--5 to 24 percent
Sand content--35 to 80 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
BC or C horizon (if present):
Hue--10YR or 7.5YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content--5 to 24 percent
Sand content--35 to 80 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
E and Bt horizon (E portion):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or sand
Clay content--2 to 10 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
E and Bt horizon (Bt portion):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--sandy loam or loamy sand
Clay content--3 to 15 percent
Sand content--70 to 95 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Thickness of lamellae--0.75 to 5 centimeters (0.25 to 2 inches) with total thickness less than 15 centimeters (6 inches) in the series control section
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Alvin,
Burnsville, and
Council series.
Alvin--have a clay content that averages 15 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Burnsville--have carbonates within depths of 46 to 91 centimeters (18 to 36 inches) and have a rock fragment content of 5 to 35 percent in the lower half of the series control section
Council--have a sand content that averages 15 to 50 percent in the particle-size control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--eolian deposits
Landform--uplands, transverse dunes, and high stream terraces
Slopes--0 to 45 percent
Elevation-305 to 457 meters (1,000 to 1,500 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 860 millimeters (30 to 34 inches)
Frost-free period--150 to 160 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Chelsea,
Fayette, and
Sattre soils.
Chelsea--are on similar landscape positions as Lamont soils and have a clay content of 2 to 10 percent in the particle-size control section
Fayette--are on similar landscape positions as Lamont soils and have sand content of less than 10 percent sand in the particle-size control section
Sattre--are on similar landscape positions as Lamont soils, have a clay content of 18 to 28 percent in the upper third of the series control section, and have darker colored surface layers
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class-well drained-a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters (6 feet) during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity-14.11 to 42.34 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential-negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are pastured or forested. Where cultivated, the principal crops are corn, soybeans, oats, and grass-legume hay. The native vegetation is oak-hickory forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Eastern lake section, Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains, and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108),
Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loess and Till Prairie (114),
Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes (115), and
Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain (95B)
LRR M; Iowa, Illinois, southeastern Minnesota, and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jefferson County, Iowa, 1957.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 58 to 99 centimeters (23 to 39 inches);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (0 to 59 inches).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 41 centimeters (0 to 16 inches) (Ap and E horizon);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 20 to 41 centimeters (8 to 16 inches) (E horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 58 to 99 centimeters (23 to 39 inches) (Bt horizon);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.
Type location changed from Iowa County, Iowa to Linn County, Iowa as Lamont series was not correlated in the recent soil survey update of Iowa County, Iowa.