LOCATION SATTRE IA+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Sattre loam, on a nearly level stream terrace, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (15 to 23 centimeters thick)
E--20 to 33 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand and silt coats on peds when dry; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)
BE--33 to 43 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters thick)
Bt1--43 to 81 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; few fine and medium pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand and silt coats on peds when dry; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (20 to 38 centimeters thick)
Bt2--81 to 89 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 50 centimeters.)
2C1--89 to 102 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sand; single grain; loose; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 50 centimeters thick)
2C2--102 to 152 centimeters; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single grain; loose; brown (7.5YR 5/4) bands of clay, 2 to 3 centimeters thick, at 114, 125, and 135 centimeters; about 10 percent gravel; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Benton County, Iowa subset; located about 2,090 feet west and 1,390 feet north of the southeast corner of section 2, T. 85 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Center Point NW topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 11 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 58 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Depth to sandy and gravelly sediments--50 to 100 centimeters
Clay content of the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 27 percent
Clay content of the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 10 percent
Sand content of the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 45 percent
Sand content of the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--90 to 100 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--10 to 25 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
E or BE horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--10 to 25 percent
Sand content--25 to 45 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Some pedons, in cultivated areas, do not have an E horizon as it has been mixed into the Ap horizon
Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam
Clay content--15 to 30 percent
Sand content--30 to 65 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
BC or 2BC horizon (if present)
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sandy loam or loamy sand
Clay content--5 to 15 percent
Sand content--65 to 90 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
2C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse sand
Clay content--0 to 8 percent
Sand content--90 to 100 percent, mixed mineralogy
Rock fragment content--2 to 35 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Special feature--thin bands of fine textured material may be present in the lower part of the 2C horizon
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Gardenvale,
Menomin,
Meridian,
Merimod, and
Merit series.
Gardenvale--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 150 centimeters
Menomin--have a frequently saturated zone with a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Meridian--differentia with this series is unclear (see remarks)
Merimod--have a frequently saturated zone with a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Merit--have siliceous sand in the lower part of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loamy alluvium and the underlying sandy and gravelly sediments
Landform--outwash areas and on treads and risers on stream terraces in river valleys
Slope--0 to 12 percent
Elevation--155 to 595 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--110 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Chelsea,
Flagler,
Lawler, and
Saude soils.
Chelsea--are on higher landscape positions on convex summits of interfluves, side slopes, and crests of escarpments and have a clay content that averages 2 to 10 percent throughout the particle-size control section
Flagler--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Sattre soils, have a mollic epipedon and have a clay content that averages less than 15 percent throughout the particle-size control section
Lawler--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone within depths of 0.3 to 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saude--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Sattre soils and have a clay content that averages 8 to 15 percent throughout the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the loamy sediments and 100.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the sandy and gravelly sediments
Flooding--very rarely or rarely flooded for brief or very brief duration on stream terrace positions
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is mixed big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and mixed deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Wisconsin driftless section, Dissected till plains, and Western lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B),
Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105), and
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, West-Central Part (108C)
LRR K and M--central, east central, and northeastern Iowa, and west central Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bremer County, Iowa, 1965.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 43 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 43 centimeters (Ap, E, and BE horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from 43 to 89 centimeters (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Differentia between Sattre series and Meridian series needs further study.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.