LOCATION LATTY OH+MI

Established Series
Rev. DRM-RAR
09/2012

LATTY SERIES

The Latty series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils formed in clayey glaciolacustrine sediments. These soils are on lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 889 mm (35 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, illitic, nonacid, mesic Typic Endoaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Latty silty clay, on a nearly level area in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 223 meters (730 feet) mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and medium granular; firm; common fine and few medium roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 28 cm (6 to 11 inches) thick]

Bg1--25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) organic coatings on vertical faces of peds; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg2--46 to 86 cm (18 to 34 inches); gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) coatings on vertical faces of prisms; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bg3--86 to 104 cm (34 to 41 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) coatings on vertical faces of prisms; many coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) iron and manganese concretions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 61 to 132 cm (24 to 52 inches).]

BC--104 to 135 cm (41 to 53 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on vertical faces of peds; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 38 cm (15 inches) thick]

C1--135 to 157 cm (53 to 62 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; massive; firm; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of vertical partings; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

C2--157 to 203 cm (62 to 80 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; massive; firm; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) coatings on faces of vertical partings; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) calcium carbonate concretions in the matrix; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Paulding County, Ohio; about 5 miles north-northwest of Antwerp, in Carryall Township; about 265 feet south and 580 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 4, T. 3 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Hicksville, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 15 minutes 6 seconds N. and long. 84 degrees 45 minutes 51.47 seconds, W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 81 to 152 cm (32 to 60 inches)
Depth to carbonates: typically same as or slightly less than the thickness of the solum and ranges from 81 to 122 cm (32 to 48 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 45 to 60 percent clay and 2 to 15 percent sand

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 10 to 13 cm (4 or 5 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

Bg or Bw horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2; 3 or 4 below 76 cm (30 inches) in some pedons
Texture: clay or silty clay; some stratification is apparent in most pedons
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 25 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Till substratum phase: depth to till is 152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches)
2C or 2Cg horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: clay, silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 42 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 7 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Soils in closely related families include the Allis and Zipp series. Allis soils are in the acid reaction class, formed in till, and have a lithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Zipp soils have a mixed mineralogy class, formed in lacustrine or slackwater sediments, and typically have a mean annual temperature of more than 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Latty soils are on lake plains of late Wisconsinan age. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The Latty soils are often in a narrow band (1/2 to about 6 miles wide) between the Paulding soils, derived from glaciolacustrine material with more than 60 percent clay, and the Hoytville soils, derived from fine-textured till. The soils formed in clayey glaciolacustrine sediments, and in many places have till below 152 cm (60 inches). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 737 to 991 mm (29 to 39 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 9 to 12 degrees C (48 to 54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Fulton and Nappanee soils and the Hoytville, Paulding, and Toledo, soils. The small areas of somewhat poorly drained Fulton and Nappanee soils are on slightly higher topographic positions. Fulton soils formed in lake sediments whereas Nappanee soils formed in till. Hoytville, Paulding, and Toledo, soils are on similar topographic positions as Latty soils. Hoytville soils formed in till and have a dark colored surface horizon. Paulding soils are very fine. Toledo soils have a dark colored surface horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 30 cm (1 foot) above the surface to 30 cm (1 foot) below the surface between January and April in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low in the solum and low in the underlying material. Permeability is slow in the solum and very slow in the underlying material.

USE AND VEGETATION: The Latty soils are largely cultivated or used for pasture. Corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, alfalfa, and grass legume mixtures are the principal crops. Some areas are used for special crops such as tomatoes and sugar beets. Native vegetation is deciduous swamp forest of swamp white oak, bur oak, pin oak, elm, silver maple, and occasionally sycamore and basswood. Much of the ground cover consisted of coarse swampgrass, sedges, and water-tolerant shrubs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 98, 99, and 111B in northwestern Ohio and southeastern Michigan. The type location is in MLRA 99. The series is of large extent, about 225,000 acres.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Paulding County, Ohio, 1957.

REMARKS: The classification of the Latty series changes from Epiaquepts to Endoaquepts with the revision (10/2003) based on landform position.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 25 cm (Ap horizon).
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 25 to 104 cm (Bg horizon).
Aquic conditions: matrix color with chroma of 1 or 2 between 25 and 104 cm and redox depletions and/or concentrations in all horizons below the Ap horizon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data are available for the typical pedon, Ohio profile PD-87, and also for DF-24, HN-94, HN-96, LG-37, LS-10, MR-2, MR-6, PD-S85, and WL-20. A reference with published information on Latty is: Baker, F.J., Schafer, G.M., and Holowaychuk, N., 1960. Surficial Materials and Soils of Paulding County, Ohio. Ohio Jour. Sci. 60:365-377.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.