LOCATION LINDQUIST               MI+WI

Established Series
Rev. JKC-WEF-MAZ
08/2012

LINDQUIST SERIES

The Lindquist series consist of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in sandy glaciofluvial deposits on outwash plains, ground moraines, end moraines, stream terraces and kames. Slope ranges from 0 to 50 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 813 mm (32 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 6.1 degrees C (43 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Lamellic Haplorthods

TYPICAL PEDON: Lindquist sand, on a 1 percent slope in a forested area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated)

Oe--0 to 2.5 cm (0 to 1 inch); dark brown (7.5YR3/2) partially decomposed forest litter; very strongly acid. [0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches) thick]

A--2.5 to 5 cm (1 to 2 inches); black (N 2.5/) sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 1 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [3 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches) thick]

E--5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/2) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; common fine to coarse roots; about 1 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. [3 to 13 cm (1 to 5 inches) thick]

Bs1--13 to 33 cm (5 to 13 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine to coarse roots; about 1 percent fine gravel; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) thick]

Bs2--33 to 56 cm (13 to 22 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs3--56 to 86 cm (22 to 34 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; about 3 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bs2 and Bs3 horizon is 35 to 89 cm (14 to 35 inches).]

E'--86 to 99 cm (34 to 39 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few medium roots; about 1 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; abrupt broken boundary. [8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 inches) thick]

E and Bt--99 to 196 cm (39 to 77 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; single grain; loose; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand lamellae (Bt); weak fine granular structure; very friable; clay bridging between sand grains; lamellae are 3 to 12 mm (1/8 to 1/2 inches) thick; total accumulation of lamellae is less than 15 cm (6 inches); few fine roots; about 1 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; abrupt broken boundary. [64 to 132 cm (25 to 52 inches) thick]

C--196 to 203 cm (77 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) sand; single grain; loose; about 3 percent fine gravel; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Kalkaska County, Michigan; 1,800 feet west and 650 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 10, T. 26 N., R. 8 W., Boardman Township; USGS South Boardman, Michigan topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 40 minutes 04 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 15 minutes 33 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to first lamellae: 89 to 140 cm (35 to 55 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 102 to more than 203 cm (40 to more than 80 inches)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 15 percent gravel and 0 to 3 percent cobbles throughout
Ortstein content: 0 to 35 percent in the Bs horizon

A horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR, or is neutral
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 0 to 3
Texture: sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sand
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bs1 horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4; value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: sand
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

Bs2 and Bs3 horizons:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: sand
Reaction: strongly acid or moderately acid

E' horizon below the Bs horizon and E part of the E and Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt part of the E and Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, sandy loam, or sand; individual lamellae range in thickness from 2 mm to 5 cm (1/16 to 2 inches); combined accumulation of lamellae within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches) is less than 15 cm (6 inches)
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sand
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Blue Lake, Islandlake and McMillan series. Blue Lake soils have an accumulation of lamellae within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches) of more than 15 cm (6 inches). Islandlake soils have a Bhs horizon. McMillan soils have more than 30 percent silt in the upper part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lindquist soils are on outwash plains, ground moraines, end moraines, stream terraces, and kames. Slope ranges from 0 to 50 percent. The Lindquist soils formed in sandy glaciofluvial deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 813 mm (30 to 32 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 6.1 to 7.2 degrees C (43 to 45 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the excessively drained Rubicon and Grayling soils on similar landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. The potential surface runoff is negligible or low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are forested, including tree plantations. Some areas are idle or are in pasture. Only a very small proportion is used for small grains and hay crops. Forest vegetation consists chiefly of red maple, red pine, aspen, white oak, american beech, eastern white pine, and jack pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 94A and 96 in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan and MLRA 90A in northwestern Wisconsin. This series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kalkaska County, Michigan, 1993.

REMARKS: Previously mapped as Rubicon deep banded substratum.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 13 centimeters (5 inches) (A and E horizons).
Albic horizon: from a depth of 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches) (E horizon).
Spodic horizon: from a depth of 13 to 33 cm (5 to 13 inches) (Bs1 horizon).
Lamellic feature: from a depth of 99 to 196 cm (39 to 77 inches) (Bt part of the E and Bt horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No. MI0278.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.