LOCATION LONEWOOD TN+KYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Lonewood silt loam--forested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E--2 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
BE--10 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium granular and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--16 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--21 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of some peds; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3) concretions; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--31 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of some peds; few fine dark brown (10YR 3/3)concretions; slightly brittle in some parts; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--35 to 49 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; few medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt5--49 to 60 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; few channers of shale and sandstone; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 30 to 50 inches)
C--60 to 65 inches; 34 percent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), 33 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and 33 percent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) extremely channery clay loam; very thick platy structure; firm; about 60 to 70 percent by volume soft and hard shale fragments; very strongly acid. (0 to 10 inches thick)
R--65 inches; hard shale bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Van Buren County, Tennessee; 1.13 miles due north of Lonewood; 2.6 miles northeast of intersection of Lewis Wilson Rd and Tennessee Highway 285, 1.39 miles northeast of intersection of Lewis Wilson Rd and Flowing Well Rd, 100 feet northwest of Lewis Wilson Rd in woods. USGS Lonewood Quadrangle: Latitude: 35 degrees, 47 minutes, 28.1 seconds N; Longitude: 85 degrees, 17 minutes, 17.5 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of solum ranges from 40 to 65 inches. Depth to hard and soft shale or sandstone bedrock is 40 to 72 inches. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid except the surface layer is less acid where limed. Fragments of sandstone and shale less than 2 inches across make up 0 to 5 percent by volume of the A, 0 to 10 percent in the Bt horizon. Fragments from 1/2 inch to 5 inches range from 10 to 70 percent of the C horizon.
The A and Ap horizon has a hue of 10YR, values of 3 or 5 and chroma of 2 to 4.
Texture is silt loam or loam.
The E horizon has a hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or loam.
Some pedons have a transitional horizon between the A or E horizon and the Bt horizon.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, and clay loam. The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 5YR, and 2.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8. Mottles are few to common in shades of brown, yellow and red. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam, loam, or rarely silty clay or clay. A lithologic discontinuity may be evident in some pedons, but it is not a requirement of the series.
The BC or C horizon has color and textures of the fine earth fraction as those in the lower part of the Bt horizon. Some pedons are mottled in shades of these colors without a dominant color. Some pedons have a Cr horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alonzville, Bailegap, Beersheba, Gunstock, Hambrook, Harmiller, Jefferson, Keener, Lily, Marr, McCamy, Raftville, Riney, Sassafras, and Sunnyside series in the same family. Alonzville soils are on stream terraces. Bailegap soils have more coarse fragments in the solum and bedrock at 40 to 60 inches. Beersheba, Gunstock, Lily, and Raftville soils are less than 40 inches to a lithic contact. Hambrook, Marr, Sassafras, and Sunnyville soils formed in Coastal Plain sediments. Jefferson soils formed in colluvium and have a higher content of rock fragments in the A and B horizons and are more than 60 inches to bedrock. Harmiller and McCamy soils formed in metasedimentary rocks. Keener soils formed in colluvium of arkose, metagraywacke, and quartzite. Riney soils are very similar and have hues of 5YR or 2.5YR throughout the Bt horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lonewood soils are on broad smooth plateaus and convex ridge tops. Slopes range from 0 to 20 percent, but are commonly 2 to 12 percent. These soils formed in a silty mantle, 1 to 3 feet thick, and in the underlying residuum of shale and sandstone. Near the type location, the mean annual air temperature is 57.8 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is 56.2 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Lily series and the Alticrest, Clarkrange, Crossville, and Ramsey series. Clarkrange soils are on gentle slopes and have a fragipan. Alticrest and Crossville soils are on similar positions, are less than 40 inches to bedrock and lack argillic horizons. Ramsey soils are commonly on steeper slopes, are less than 20 inches to bedrock and lack argillic horizons
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; low to medium runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: About one-half of the acreage is cleared. Pasture and hay are the main uses. There are small acreages of corn and vegetable crops. Forested areas consist chiefly of oaks, hickories, blackgum, and a few Virginia and shortleaf pines.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee and in the Cumberland Mountains and Eastern Pennyroyal in Kentucky. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Van Buren County, Tennessee; 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon- 0 to 10 inches (A, E horizons)
Argillic horizon- 16 to 60 inches (Bt horizon)