LOCATION MAKIKI HIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, isohyperthermic Typic Haplustepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Makiki clay loam - irrigated sugarcane. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")
Ap1--0 to 10 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry; moderate very fine and fine granular structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; common fine highly weathered fragments of basalt; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; strongly acid (pH 5.5); gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
Ap2--10 to 20 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; many fine and medium roots; common very fine, fine and few coarse tubular pores; common fine highly weathered fragments of basalt and cinders; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; strongly acid (pH 5.5); clear smooth boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
B2--20 to 30 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/3) dry; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; common fine roots; common very fine and fine, and few coarse tubular pores; few fine distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4 dry) stains that appear to be decomposed cinders; common fine gritty fragments of highly weathered basalt and cinders; medium acid (pH 5.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 15 inches thick)
IIC--30 to 54 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/3) dry; massive; stratified; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine, medium and coarse tubular pores; bands of unweathered fine pebble-size black cinders and highly weathered pebbles and soil material similar in color consistence and texture to the B2 horizon; at a depth of about 60 inches is gravelly, fine-textured alluvium mixed with cinders; medium acid (pH 5.9).
TYPE LOCATION: Honolulu County, Hawaii; Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association experimental plots, at the north corner of H.S.P.A. at the intersection of Keeaumoku Street and Wilder Avenue, 100 feet southwest of Wilder Avenue and 50 feet south of Keeaumoku Street.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to unweathered cinders or stony or gravelly alluvium is variable within short distances and ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches. Layers of sandy loam or silt loam are common in the soil. Mean annual soil temperature is about 73 degrees F. Hue of the solum ranges from 10YR through 5YR.
The A horizon has moist value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 through 3. Surface layers are clay loam or stony clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ainakea and Tantalus series. Ainakea soils have oxidic mineralogy and are 40 inches or less to bedrock. Tantalus soils have ashy mineralogy and mean annual soil temperature less than 71.6 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Makiki soils are on alluvial fans and terraces at elevations of 20 to 200 feet. Slope is 0 to 3 percent. The soils formed in alluvium mixed with volcanic ash and cinders. Mean annual rainfall is 30 to 60 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 73 degrees F., average January temperature is about 71 degrees F., and average July temperature is about 76 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kaena and Kawaihapai soils and the competing Tantalus soils. Kaena soils have clay texture and are mottled throughout. Kawaihapai soils lack significant amounts of volcanic ash and cinders.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Almost entirely in urban uses. None is in native vegetation.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Island of Oahu, Hawaii, near Punchbowl, Tantalus and Round Top mainly in the
Manoa and Makiki valleys. The soils are of small extent, comprising almost 1,500 acres.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey, Territory of Hawaii, 1949.
OSED scanned by SSQA. Last revised by state on 3/78.