LOCATION MAKOTI ND+SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Makoti silty clay loam - on a level slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. Where described the soil was moist to 27 inches, dry from 27 to 42 inches and moist below 42 inches.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons 5 to 16 inches thick)
Bw1--6 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--14 to 19 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Bw horizons 6 to 30 inches thick)
Bk1--19 to 26 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; violent effervescence; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk2--26 to 34 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; violent effervescence; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined Bk horizons 10 to 20 inches thick)
C1--34 to 46 inches; olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) stratified silt loam and very fine sandy loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; many medium distinct gray (5Y 5/1) moist mottles; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; fine rounded masses of carbonates; strong effervescence; mildly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
C2--46 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) stratified silty clay loam and very fine sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; many medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist mottles; massive; slightly hard, firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine pores; medium rounded masses of carbonates; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: McLean County, North Dakota; about 1 mile south and 1 mile east of Roseglen; 190 feet east and 70 feet south of the northwest corner, sec. 15, T. 149 N., R. 87 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The 10- to 40-inch control section typically is silty clay loam and averages between 27 and 35 percent clay. The mollic epipedon ranges from 16 to 24 inches in thickness.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2, moist. It is silty clay loam, clay loam or silt loam. It is slightly acid or neutral. Narrow tongues of A horizon extend into the Bw horizon in some pedons.
The Bw horizon typically has 2.5Y or 10YR hue, value of 3 to 5 and 2 to 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is slightly acid to mildly alkaline.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It contains disseminated carbonates and contains 15 to 30 percent calcium carbonate. Some pedons have a BCk horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 5 to 7, 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline. It contains few to many mottles and commonly is stratified very fine sandy loam to silty clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Grassna and Wilton series in the same family and the Arnegard, Grail and Roseglen series. Grassna soils formed in loess or other silty sediments and contain 18 to 30 percent clay in the 10- to 40-inch control section. In addition, they commonly have a thicker mollic epipedon. Wilton soils has a 2C horizon of loam or clay loam glacial till at depths of 20 to 40 inches. The Arnegard and Roseglen soils are fine-loamy. Grail soils contain more than 35 percent clay in the 10-to 40-inch control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Makoti soils are on level to gently sloping lake plains. Slope gradients are commonly less than 2 percent, but range to 6 percent. The soil formed in glaciolacustrine sediments. Mean annual temperature ranges from 38 to 45 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 14 to 16 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Roseglen soils and the Lihen, Manning, Max, Parshall, Tansem and Williams soils. The Roseglen and Tansem soils are on nearby slightly higher elevations. They are fine-loamy. Lihen, Manning and Parshall soils are on higher beach ridges near the outer rims of the lake plains and on nearby outwash plains. Lihen soils are sandy; Manning soils are coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal; and Parshall soils are coarse-loamy. Max and Williams soils are on nearby glacial till plains and are fine-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and moderately well drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly as cropland for growing small grains or flax. Native vegetation is short and mid grasses such as western wheatgrass, green needlegrass, and blue grama.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northwestern North Dakota. The soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ward County, North Dakota, 1960.
REMARKS: Revised 3/91.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 19 inches (Ap, Bw1, and Bw2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: S58NDak-31-2 and S58NDak-31-3, pages 158 161, Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 2.