LOCATION SALIX IA+MO NE SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Salix silty clay loam, in a nearly level flood plain, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 323 meters (1,060 feet) above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few fine and medium root; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A--18 to 38 centimeters (7 to 15 inches); black (10YR 2/1) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1), silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few fine and medium roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 36 to 51 centimeters (14 to 20 inches).]
Bw1--38 to 51 centimeters (15 to 20 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty clay loam, weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--51 to 64 centimeters (20 to 25 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bw1 and Bw2 horizons is 15 to 41 centimeters (6 to 16 inches).]
Bw3--64 to 84 centimeters (25 to 33 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) organic stains on faces of peds; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [10 to 36 centimeters (4 to 14 inches) thick]
BC--84 to 102 centimeters (33 to 40 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) organic stains on faces of peds; few fine soft masses of lime; common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) and common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [13 to 25 centimeters (5 to 10 inches) thick]
C--102 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; few fine soft masses of lime; common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) and common fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 107B (Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills), Monona County Iowa subset; about 37 meters (120 feet) west and 771 meters (2,530 feet) south of the northeast corner of sec. 36, T. 85 N., R. 46 W.; USGS Sloan quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 8 minutes 5 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 8 minutes 11 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--51 to 91 centimeters (20 to 36 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--36 to 61 centimeters (14 to 24 inches)
Content of clay in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--27 to 35 percent
Content of sand in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Ap and A horizons:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--5 to 15 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly alkaline
Overwash phase:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--25 to 35 percent
Sand content--5 to 15 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly alkaline
Thickness--15 to 28 centimeters (6 to 15 inches)
Some pedons have a BA horizon
Bw1 and Bw2 horizons:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silty clay loam
Clay content--28 to 38 percent
Sand content--5 to 15 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 15 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Bw3 horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--18 to 26 percent
Sand content--5 to 35 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 30 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline
BC horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam
Clay content--16 to 22 percent
Sand content--15 to 60 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 30 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
C horizons:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam
Clay content--16 to 22 percent
Sand content--15 to 60 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--0 to 30 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Some pedons have sandy material below a depth of 152 centimeters (60 inches).
Some pedons have silty clay loam textures with 30 to 40 percent clay below a depth of 152 centimeters (60 inches).
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Annieville,
Biggsville,
Dinsmore,
Exira,
Galva,
Keg,
Marshall,
Monona,
Northboro,
Ponca,
Port Byron,
Raddle, and
Truman series.
Annieville--have carbonates between depths of 102 and 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) and have moist bulk density values of 1.6 g/cc to 1.8 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Biggsville--have a clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Dinsmore--have carbonates between depths of 102 and 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches) and have moist bulk density values of 1.8 g/cc to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Exira--have carbonates below a depth of 102 centimeters (40 inches) and have a sand content of less than 15 percent throughout the series control section
Galva--have a clay content of 30 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section, have carbonates between depths of 81 and 183 centimeters (32 to 72 inches), and have a sand content of less than 15 percent throughout the series control section
Keg--have carbonates between depths of 61 to 142 centimeters (24 to 56 inches) and have a clay content of 18 to 26 percent in the particle-size control section
Marshall--do not have carbonates within a depth of 183 centimeters (6 feet) and have a sand content of less than 5 percent throughout the series control section
Monona--formed in loess and average less than 5 percent sand in the particle size control section
Northboro--have cambic horizons with matrix hues of 5YR or 7.5YR
Ponca--have a mollic epipedon 18 to 25 centimeters (7 to 10 inches) thick and have carbonates within a depth of 61 centimeters (24 inches)
Port Byron--have a clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section and are moderately acid to neutral in the middle third of the series control section
Raddle--have a clay content of 18 to 24 percent in the particle-size control section, are more acid throughout the series control section, and have more than 5 percent sand in the lower half of the series control section
Truman--have carbonates between depths of 46 and 142 centimeters (18 to 56 inches) and have matrix value of 5 or 6 and matrix chroma of 4 to 6 in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--silty alluvium
Landform--convex rises on flood plains
Slopes--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--213 to 503 meters (700 to 1,650 feet) above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--8 to 13 degrees C (46 to 55 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation--510 to 910 millimeters (20 to 36 inches)
Frost-free period--135 to 190 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Blencoe,
Keg,
Lakeport, and
Luton soils.
Blencoe--are in the slightly lower landscape positions, have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) during March to June in most years, and have a clay content of 18 to 24 percent in the lower third of the particle-size control section
Keg--are in the slightly higher elevations, do not have saturated zones within a depth of 183 centimeters (6 feet) in most years, and have a clay content of 18 to 26 percent in the particle-size control section
Lakeport--are in the slightly lower elevations, have a saturated zone within a depth of 30 centimeters (1 foot) during March to June in most years, and have a clay content of 35 to 45 percent throughout the particle-size control section
Luton--are in slightly lower landscape positions, have a saturated zone between depths of 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet) during March to June in most years, and have a clay content of 40 to 75 percent throughout the series control section
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage--a saturated zone occurs within depths of 122 to 183 centimeters (4 to 6 feet) during March to June in most years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--moderate
Surface runoff potential--low
Flooding--none or rarely flooded for brief to long periods during the months of February to November from precipitation events and snowmelt and flooding from streambank overflow is limited where dams and levees protect areas
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. Some areas are irrigated. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Along the Missouri River in MLRAs 102C (Loess Uplands) and 107B (Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills) within the Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region (Land Resource Region M). This series is of moderate extent; the total extent is about 15,000 hectares (38,000 acres).
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Boone County, Missouri, 1952.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches - A, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, and BC horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (60 inches - Ap, A, Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, BC, and C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 38 centimeters (15 inches - Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 38 to 102 centimeters (15 to 40 inches - Bw1, Bw2, Bw3, and BC horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange class is supported by lab sample number S95IA-193-005, NSSL.
Taxonomy version--second edition, 1999.
The 2 chroma colors below the mollic epipedon and the redoximorphic concentrations in the cambic horizon are not pedogenic and are thought to be derived from the parent material.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska, pedon number S95IA-193-005 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).