LOCATION MOLAND MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Moland silt loam, on a convex, east-facing slope of 5 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 350 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (17 to 25 centimeters thick)
A--25 to 36 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 16 centimeters thick)
Bw1--36 to 51 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; common dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) coats on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (11 to 31 centimeters thick)
2Bw2--51 to 61 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) coats on faces of peds; about 2 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bw3--61 to 79 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium prismatic structure; friable; few thin dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bw4--79 to 114 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium prismatic structure; friable; few olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) coatings on faces of peds; about 4 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bw5--114 to 124 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; weak medium prismatic structure; friable; few grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) coats on faces of peds; about 4 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bw horizon is 50 to 107 centimeters.)
2C--124 to 203 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few calcium carbonate masses; few fine distinct brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; about 4 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Rice County, Minnesota subset; about 2 miles south and 1 mile east of Cannon City; located about 1,240 feet north and 1,280 feet west of the southeast corner of section 26, T. 110 N., R. 20 W; USGS Cannon City topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 18 minutes 05 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 11 minutes 11 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 41 centimeters
Depth to glacial till--35 to 60 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--90 to 165 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 28 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--15 to 35 percent, fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Ap or A (when present) horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam, silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--15 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--loam, silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--25 to 32 percent
Sand content--15 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 1 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
2Bw or 2BC (when present) horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 5
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--30 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent, mixed lithology
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
2C horizon:
Hue--2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--30 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--2 to 15 percent, mixed lithology
Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 15 percent
Reaction--neutral or slightly alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.5 to 1.7 gm/cc
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arbor,
Aredale,
Bode,
Clarion,
Cresken,
Everly,
Farrar,
Frontenac,
Garmore,
Germantown,
Kenyon,
Limecreek,
Liscomb,
Neeper,
Ocheyedan,
Omsrud,
Ostrander, and
Rossfield series.
Arbor--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 9 to 13 degrees C and have a mollic epipedon 41 to 61 centimeters thick
Aredale--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Bode--have a clay content of 28 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Clarion--have a rock fragment content of 1 to 10 percent throughout the series control section
Cresken--have a clay content of 28 to 33 percent in the particle-size control section
Everly--have carbonates within depths of 41 to 91 centimeters
Farrar--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Frontenac--have a rock fragment content of 35 to 70 percent in the lower half of the series control section
Garmore--have a rock fragment content of 2 to 10 percent throughout the series control section
Germantown--have a lithic contact of quartzite bedrock within a depth of 102 centimeters
Kenyon--have a moist bulk density of 1.75 to 1.9 gm/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Limecreek--have carbonates within depths of 102 centimeters and have stratified fossiliferous, siltstone and shaley limestone residuum with a clay content of 10 to 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Liscomb--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Neeper--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 11 to 14 degrees C and have a rock fragment content of less than 2 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Ocheyedan--do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Omsrud--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Ostrander--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Rossfield--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years and have arenanceous limestone rock fragment content of 10 to 40 percent in the lower half of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--35 to 60 centimeters of silty or loamy sediments and the underlying calcareous, loamy glacial till, sediments are Late Wisconsinan in age
Landform--convex slopes on ground moraines
Slope--1 to 18 percent
Elevation--305 to 427 meters
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--700 to 820 millimeters
Frost-free period--120 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Maxcreek and
Merton soils which are members of a hydrosequence with Moland soils.
Maxcreek--are at lower landscape positions on linear and concave slopes, are frequently saturated at the soil surface during the wettest portions of normal years, and have a mollic epipedon
Merton--are at slightly lower landscape positions on linear and slightly convex slopes and are frequently saturated at a depth of 0.45 meter in normal years
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 1 meter during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second (moderately high)
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is mixed little bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Dissected till plains and Wisconsin driftless section
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103), Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104) and Northern Mississippi Loess Hills (105)
LRR M; southeastern Minnesota and possibly northern Iowa
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rice County, Minnesota, 1971.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, Bw1, 2Bw2, 2Bw3, and 2Bw4 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A, Bw1, 2Bw2, 2Bw3, 2Bw4, 2Bw5, and 2C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 36 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 36 to 124 centimeters (Bw1, 2Bw2, 2Bw3, 2Bw4, and 2Bw5 horizons);
udic moisture regime
In parts of MLRA 103 this drainage class is called moderately well drained based on the Soil Survey Manual. Drainage class is a state interpretation.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.