LOCATION MUDLAKE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Alfic Epiaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Mudlake silt loam - on a south facing slope of 2 percent in a wooded drainageway on a drumlin at an elevation of about 1,785 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (7.5YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine and common medium and coarse roots; 2 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
E--5 to 9 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) silt loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine and common medium and coarse roots; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 8 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bs--9 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and very fine and few medium and coarse roots; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 4 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
B/E--16 to 29 inches; 70 percent brown (7.5YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 5/3) silt loam (E), pink (7.5YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium subangular structure; friable; common fine and very fine and few medium and coarse roots; many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct and faint pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 4 to 20 inches thick)
2Bt--29 to 35 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel and about 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 22 inches thick)
2C--35 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; massive; friable; 5 percent gravel and about 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Forest County, Wisconsin; about 4.5 miles west of Crandon; 2,200 feet west of the southeast corner, sec. 28, T. 36 N., R. 12 E. USGS Crandon, Wis. Quad. Latitude 45 degrees 33 minutes 57 seconds N. Longitude 88 degrees 59 minutes 25 seconds W. NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 30 to more than 60 inches. Thickness of the silty mantle and depth to till or mud-flow sediment range from 12 to 40 inches. The silty mantle has more than 50 percent silt, 8 to 17 percent clay, and more than 15 percent fine sand or coarser. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the silty mantle and from 5 to 35 percent in till or mud-flow sediment. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 15 percent throughout. Reaction typically ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the solum, but ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the substratum. Redox features are in the albic or the spodic horizon within a depth of 20 inches. Saturation occurs within 20 inches for some time in most years.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 1 or 2. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture of the A or Ap horizon is silt loam.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. Texture is silt loam or silt.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6 or hue of 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 4. Texture is silt loam.
Where the silty mantle is thin, some pedons have a 2Bs horizon with color like the Bs horizon described above. Texture is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly or cobbly analogs.
Some pedons have an E' horizon with color and texture like the E horizon described above.
Where the silty mantle is thin, some pedons have a 2E horizon with color like the E' horizon described above. Texture is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly or cobbly analogs, but in some pedons, it is loamy sand or the gravelly or cobbly analogs. In some pedons, immediately below the silty mantle, it is loam or the gravelly or cobbly analogs.
Mudlake soils have a glossic horizon. Horizonation below the spodic horizon has a wide range depending on the thickness of the silty mantle and the extent to which eluviation has occurred. Therefore, there can be E/B, B/E, 2E/B, or 2B/E horizons singly or in combination with or without a Bt horizon or a 2Bt horizon or both.
The E' part of the E/B or B/E horizon, has color and texture like the E' horizon described above. The Bt part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is silt loam.
Some pedons have a Bt horizon with color and texture like the Bt part described above.
The 2E' part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizon, has color and texture like the 2E' horizon described above.
The 2Bt part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 6; and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is typically loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly or cobbly analogs but in some pedons it is loamy sand or the gravelly analogs in the lower part. Loam texture occurs only immediately below the silty mantle.
The 2Bt horizon has color and texture like the 2Bt part described above. Clay content of the argillic material ranges from 8 to 17 percent.
The 2C horizon has color like the 2Bt horizon described above. Typically, texture is sandy loam or the gravelly or cobbly analogs, but in some pedons, it is loamy sand or the gravelly or cobbly analogs or has layers with these textures.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Belding,
Moodig,
Parkfalls,
Pesabic, and
Worwood series. None of these soils have more than 50 percent silt in the upper 12 to 40 inches of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Mudlake soils are on moraines and drumlins. Slopes range from 1 to 6 percent. These soils formed in loess or silty alluvium and in the underlying till or mud-flow sediment. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 1,000 to 1,900 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Capitola, Goodman, Goodwit, Sarona, Sarwet, Soperton and Wabeno soils. The poorly drained and very poorly drained Capitola soils, the moderately well drained Goodwit and Wabeno soils, and the well drained Goodman and Soperton soils form a drainage sequence with Mudlake soils. The well drained Sarona soils and moderately well drained Sarwet soils are nearby in higher landscape positions where the silty mantle is absent.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to medium. Permeability is moderate in the silty mantle and moderate or moderately rapid in the till or mud-flow sediment. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 0.5 to 1.5 feet at some time during the period September to June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland. Common trees are sugar maple, red maple, yellow birch, balsam fir, quaking aspen, white ash, American basswood, eastern hemlock, and paper birch.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Wisconsin. This series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Forest County, Wisconsin, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil: ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (A, E); albic horizon - 5 to 9 inches (E); spodic horizon - 9 to 16 inches (Bs); glossic horizon - 16 to 29 inches (B/E); argillic horizon - 16 to 35 inches (B/E, 2Bt); aquic feature - redox features in the albic horizon or the spodic horizon within a depth of 20 inches and saturation within 20 inches at some time in most years.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number S92WI-041-5 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.