LOCATION NECONISH           WI
Established Series
MJM/JJJ
09/2004

NECONISH SERIES


The Neconish series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on outwash plains, stream terraces, lake plains and outwash fans. These soils formed in sandy outwash. Permeability is rapid. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 30 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 42 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, isotic, frigid Oxyaquic Haplorthods

TYPICAL PEDON: Neconish fine sand - on a 3 percent slope in a forested area at an elevation of about 885 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Oa--0 to 1 inch; black (10YR 2/1) highly decomposed plant material; about 10 percent fiber; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent sand grains; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)

E--1 to 4 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)

Bs1--4 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) fine sand; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bs2--8 to 11 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bs3--11 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bs horizons is 10 to 26 inches)

BC--30 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 19 inches thick)

C1--36 to 50 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6), common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and common coarse distinct light brown (7.5YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

C2--50 to 61 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Wisconsin; about 5 miles northeast of Keshena; 165 feet west and 1175 feet north of the southeast corner of section 33, T. 29 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Legend Lake quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 56' 45" N. and long. 88 degrees 32' 58" W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated, depth is measured from the top of the mineral soil.) Thickness of the solum ranges from 25 to 45 inches. The particle-size control section averages 50 percent or more fine sand. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 2 percent throughout the pedon. Depth to free carbonates is greater than 80 inches. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid in the upper part of the solum and strongly acid to slightly acid in the lower part. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the substratum. Redox concentrations and saturation occur within 40 inches.

The O horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is a mat of highly decomposed forest litter.

Some pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sand or loamy fine sand.

The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2. It is fine sand or loamy fine sand.

Some pedons have a Bhs horizon, less than 3 inches thick, with hue of 5YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 2 or 3. It is fine sand or loamy fine sand.

The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is fine sand or loamy fine sand.

The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 4 to 6. Typically, it is fine sand or loamy fine sand, but some pedons have thin subhorizons of sand.

The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is fine sand or loamy fine sand.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Noseum series. Noseum soils have a loamy mantle 10 to 20 inches thick.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Neconish soils are on outwash plains, stream terraces, lake plains and outwash fans. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Neconish soils formed in sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 820 to 1,360 feet.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cublake, Noseum(T), Rousseau, and Wainola soils. The well drained Rousseau and somewhat poorly drained Wainola soils form a drainage sequence with Neconish soils. The moderately well drained Cublake soils are on nearby areas where the sandy deposits are underlain by finer-textured lacustrine sediment at 40 to 60 inches. The moderately well drained Noseum soils are on nearby areas where there is a loamy mantle 10 to 20 inches thick over the sandy deposits.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is very slow. Permeability is rapid. Neconish soils have a seasonal high water table at depths of 2.0 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year at some time during the period of September to June in 6 or more out of 10 years.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mostly in woodland. Typically, timber stands are mostly eastern hemlock, yellow birch, and red maple but some stands are dominantly eastern white pine. Northern red oak, eastern white pine, aspen, paper birch, balsam fir, and red pine are associates in most stands. American beech, sugar maple, northern pin oak, and white oak are associates in some stands. Some areas are cleared and used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin. The extent is small. It will be included in MLRA K93 when MLRA boundaries are updated.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Menominee County, Wisconsin, 1999. Source of the name is a lake in Menominee County.

REMARKS: Neconish soils formerly were included with the well drained Rousseau soils.

Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon: ochric epipedon - 0 to 4 inches (Oa, E);
albic horizon - 1 to 4 inches (E);
spodic horizon - 4 to 11 inches (Bs1, Bs2);
oxyaquic feature - redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 40 inches.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretations Record - (not assigned). Refer to soil survey number S94WI-078-420 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.