LOCATION NOSEUM WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, isotic, frigid Oxyaquic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Noseum fine sandy loam - on a 2 percent slope in a forested area at an elevation of about 371 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--0 to 2 centimeters; black (7.5YR 2/1) highly decomposed plant material; about 8 percent fiber; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 10 percent sand grains; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 8 centimeters thick)
E--2 to 8 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 10 centimeters thick)
Bs1--8 to 18 centimeters; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bs2--18 to 36 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bs3--36 to 48 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bs horizons is 20 to 61 centimeters)
2BC1--48 to 56 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure, with weak medium to very thick plates inherited from the parent material; very friable; few fine roots; about 1 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2BC2--56 to 69 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure, with weak medium to very thick plates inherited from the parent material; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2BC3--69 to 81 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure, with weak medium to very thick plates inherited from the parent material; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the BC horizons is 13 to 51 centimeters)
2C1--81 to 112 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) and few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common medium prominent black (5YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2C2--112 to 155 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; common fine prominent dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4), common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6), and common coarse prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles northwest of Zoar; 2070 feet east and 2070 feet south of the northwest corner of section 34, T. 30 N., R. 13 E.; USGS Zoar quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 2' 17" N. and long. 88 degrees 54' 51" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated, depth and thickness are measured from the top of the mineral soil.) Thickness of the solum ranges from 56 to 102 centimeters. The loamy mantle ranges from 25 to 51 centimeters thick. Volume of rock fragments averages less than 10 percent in the series control section. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 5 percent and volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid in the upper part of the solum and extremely acid to slightly acid in the lower part. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid in the substratum. Redox concentrations occur within 102 centimeters. Saturation occurs at 76 to 102 centimeters for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
The O horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is a mat of highly decomposed forest litter.
Some pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sandy loam.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
Some pedons have a Bhs horizon, less than 8 centimeters thick, with hue of 5YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 2 or 3. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 4. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
The 2Bs horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or loamy fine sand.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR and value and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sand or fine sand.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sand or fine sand.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Neconish series. The Neconish soils have less than 15 percent combined content of silt and clay in the upper 25 to 51 centimeters. Closely related series are the Croswell, Croswood, Cublake, Gilchrist, Halfaday, Heinz, Manitowish, and Mattix series. All of these soils have mixed mineralogy. In addition, the Croswell, Croswood, Cublake, Gilchrist, and Halfaday soils have less than 15 percent combined content of silt and clay in the upper part of the series control section. The Manitowish soils average more than 10 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. The Heinz and Mattix soils are calcareous in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Noseum soils are on outwash plains, stream terraces, and glaciofluvial fans and in outwash areas on moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 12 percent. Noseum soils formed in loamy deposits underlain by sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 740 to 840 millimeters. Mean annual temperature ranges from 4 to 7 degrees C. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 250 to 415 meters.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Karlin, Manitowish, Neconish, and Wormet soils. The somewhat excessively drained Karlin and somewhat poorly drained Wormet soils form a drainage sequence with the Noseum soils. The moderately well drained Manitowish soils are on nearby areas where the gravel content is higher. The moderately well drained Neconish soils are on nearby areas where the soil is sandy throughout.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is negligible to very low, dependent on slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the upper part of the profile and high or very high in the lower part. Noseum soils have representative wet soil moisture status at depths of 61 to 107 centimeters during the months of March, April, May, June, September, October, and November.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mostly in woodland. Timber stands are mostly eastern hemlock, yellow birch, and sugar maple with American basswood, white ash, and eastern hophornbeam, as associates in most stands. Black cherry and balsam fir are associates in some stands. Some areas are cleared and used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin and Upper Michigan. The extent is small.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Menominee County, Wisconsin, 1999. Source of the name is a lake in Menominee County.
REMARKS: Noseum soils formerly were included with the gravelly Manitowish soils.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon: ochric epipedon - 2 to 8 centimeters (E); albic horizon - 2 to 8 centimeters (E); spodic horizon - 8 to 36 centimeters (Bs1, Bs2); oxyaquic feature - redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 102 centimeters.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey number S93WI-078-151 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.