LOCATION NEOTOMA OH+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Neotoma channery silt loam, stony on a northeast-facing, concave 45 percent slope in a forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 2.5 cm (0 to 1 inch); leaf litter, primarily from mixed mesophytic forest species. [0 to 5 cm (2 inches) thick]
A--2.5 to 20 cm (1 to 8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) channery silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate and strong fine and medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 25 percent channers and few flagstones from sandstone; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]
AB--20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) channery silt loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 30 percent channers and flagstones from sandstone; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 18 cm (7 inches) thick]
BE--25 to 41 cm (10 to 16 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots and common coarse roots; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) vesicular coatings on faces of peds; 35 percent channers and flagstones from sandstone; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 23 cm (9 inches) thick]
Bt1--41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) very channery silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common coarse roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds, on sand grains, and in old root channels; 45 percent channers and flagstones from sandstone; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--58 to 79 cm (23 to 31 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few coarse roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds, on sand grains, and in old root channels; 50 percent channers and flagstone from sandstone; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 71 cm (10 to 28 inches).]
BC--79 to 104 cm (31 to 41 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely flaggy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few coarse roots; very few faint clay films on surfaces of peds and on sand grains; 70 percent flagstones from sandstone; strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary. [0 to 38 cm (15 inches) thick]
C--104 to 129 cm (41 to 51 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) extremely flaggy loam; loamy material consists of a coating on rock fragments; massive; friable; few coarse roots; 90 percent flagstones from sandstone; moderately acid; diffuse wavy boundary. [0 to 76 cm (30 inches) thick]
R--129 cm (51 inches); acid sandstone with some fractures that decrease in frequency with increasing depth; a slightly weathered zone occurs on the surface of some of the fragments.
TYPE LOCATION: Ross County, Ohio; 4 1/2 miles south-southwest of Adelphi, in Colerain Township; 1/2 mile northeast of Swamp and Swamp Ridge Roads; SW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of sec. 26, T. 10 N., R. 20 W. (See REMARKS)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 91 to 137 cm (36 to 54 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches)
Depth to a lithic contact: 102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 inches)
Rock fragments: mainly channers or flagstones of sandstone lithology
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: channery analogs of silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 15 to 34 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid
E horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
BE or Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: commonly channery, very channery, flaggy, or very flaggy analogs of silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam but the range includes extremely channery or extremely flaggy analogs of those textures and thin strata of silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine earth fraction of some pedons
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent (Bt)
Rock fragment content: 15 to 50 percent in the upper part and 50 to 80 percent in the lower part
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid
BC horizon:
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: extremely channery or extremely flaggy analogs of loam or sandy loam; the fine earth typically consists of a coating on rock fragments
Rock fragment content: 80 to 90 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
R layer:
Bedrock: hard acid sandstone or siltstone with some widely spaced fractures in the upper part
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lew, Linganore, and Ravenrock series. Lew soils formed in colluvial material weathered from greenstone. Linganore soils formed in residuum from hard micaceous schists and phyllites. Ravenrock soils formed in colluvium or soil creep from chloritic metabasalt (greenstone) or metarhyolite. None of these soils have rock fragments of sandstone lithology within the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Neotoma soils typically are on north- or east-facing slopes that have a concave surface or in coves on dissected areas of the Allegheny Plateau or foothills of the Ozarks. Slope ranges from 6 to 70 percent. The soils formed in residuum weathered from acid siltstone or sandstone. The microclimate is cooler and moister than the adjacent convex or south- or west-facing areas. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 1016 mm (35 to 40 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 12 to 13 degrees C (53 to 56 degrees F).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Berks, Dekalb, Muskingum, and Wellston soils that occur in complexes or undifferentiated units with Neotoma soils and the Colyer, Latham, Trappist, and Tuscarawas soils. Berks, Dekalb, Muskingum, and Wellston soils typically are on south- or west-facing areas or on upper shoulder positions; and in addition, some Wellston soils are on benches or summit positions. These soils comprise 65 to 90 percent of soil complexes or undifferentiated units with Neotoma soils. Colyer, Latham, Trappist, and Tuscarawas soils formed in shale and are downslope from areas of Neotoma soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Neotoma soils are in hardwood forest with mixed oaks, sugar maple, cherry, tulip poplar, and black walnut as principal species. A few areas are cultivated or used for pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Ohio, southern Illinois, and possibly in West Virginia; MLRA 124 in Ohio and MLRAs 115B and 120A in IL. The series is of moderate extent with about 15,000 acres.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ross County, Ohio, 1965.
REMARKS: A new type location is needed for the Neotoma Series since the series wasnt re-correlated in Ross County, Ohio during the modernization project. This will be addressed during MLRA updating activities.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (Oi, A, AB horizons).
Mollic intergrade: from a depth of 2.5 to 20 cm (A horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 38 to 76 cm (Bt1, Bt2 horizons).
Lithic contact: at 129 cm (top of the R layer).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to pedon RO-52 for characterization data obtained in the immediate vicinity of the typical pedon. The following reference published prior to the establishment of Neotoma has information pertinent to the series: Finney, H. R., Holowaychuk, N., and Heddleson, M. R. 1962. The influence of microclimate on the morphology of certain soils of the Allegheny Plateau of Ohio. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 26: 287-292.