LOCATION NEWAYGO                 MI

Established Series
Rev. RWJ-WEF
08/2012

NEWAYGO SERIES

The Newaygo series consists of very deep, well drained soils that are moderately deep to stratified sand and gravel. The Newaygo soils formed in loamy materials and are on outwash plains, terraces, and valley trains. Slope ranges from 0 to 40 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 7.2 degrees C (45 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, frigid Alfic Haplorthods

TYPICAL PEDON: Newaygo sandy loam, on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field on an outwash plain. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; numerous roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

Bs--18 to 46 cm (7 to 18 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 41 cm (6 to 16 inches) thick]

B/E--46 to 76 cm (18 to 30 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam (Bt); thick ped coatings and worm and root cast fillings of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam (E); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [15 to 41 cm (6 to 16 inches) thick]

Bt--76 to 86 cm (30 to 34 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/2) gravelly clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct clay films on faces of peds; about 15 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary. [5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 inches) thick]

2C--86 to 152 cm (34 to 60 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) stratified gravel, gravelly sand, and sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Osceola County, Michigan; about 1 1/2 miles southeast of the village of Hersey; 1900 feet north and 700 feet east of the center of sec. 29, T. 17 N., R. 9 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Ap horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E horizon, where present:
Thickness: 8 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) in undisturbed pedons; 2.5 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inches) in cultivated pedons
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy loam or loam Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bs horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 4
Texture: sandy loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E' horizon, where present between the Bs and B/E horizons:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: gravelly clay loam, clay loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, gravelly loam, or gravelly sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 20 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: stratified gravelly sand to dominantly gravel or dominantly coarse sand
Rock fragment content: 25 to 34 percent gravel

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Newaygo soils are on outwash plains, terraces, and valley trains. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. These soils formed in loamy materials. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 813 mm (28 to 32 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 5.6 to 7.2 degrees C (42 to 45 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the somewhat excessively drained sandy Karlin and Mancelona soils which are nearby on similar landforms.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to high depending upon slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the solum and very high in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the solum and very rapid in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: A large part is cropped to small grains, corn, beans, and legume-grass hay; some is cropped to vegetables. A small part is in permanent pasture or is forested. Native vegetation is chiefly sugar maple, American elm, yellow birch, and some eastern white pine.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 94A, 96, and 98 in central and northern Michigan. This series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Osceola, County, Michigan, 1966.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (7 inches) (Ap horizon).
Spodic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 46 cm (7 to 18 inches) (Bs horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of (46 to 86 cm 18 to 34 inches) (Bt part of the B/E horizon and the Bt horizon).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.