LOCATION NEWLANDS CA+NV OR

Established Series
Rev. JBF/TM
10/2016

NEWLANDS SERIES

The Newlands series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium derived from basic rocks. Newlands soils are on mountain, plateau or foothill toe and side slopes. Slopes are 5 to 50 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 360 mm and mean annual air temperature is about 7 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Xeric Argicryolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Newlands loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 9 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate very fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 13 cm thick)

A2--9 to 20 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (13 to 38 cm thick)

Bt1--20 to 41 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; many very fine interstitial pores; few thin clay films on peds; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 21 cm thick)

Bt2--41 to 68 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; many thin brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on peds and continuous thin in pores; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (18 to 46 cm thick)

Bt3--68 to 97 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common moderately thick brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on peds and continuous moderately thick in pores; 5 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (23 to 40 cm thick)

BCt--97 to 114 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly clay loam, massive; very hard, very firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; many moderately thick brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films in pores; 15 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 36 cm thick)

R--114 cm; andesitic bedrock.

TYPE LOCATION: Lassen County, California; near Juniper Spring; about 200 feet west of the south 1/4 corner of section 4, T.36 N., R.17 E.; latitude 41 degrees 0 minutes 26 seconds N and longitude 120 degrees 2 minutes 54 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist in winter and spring and continuously dry in all parts for significant periods in summer and fall; xeric soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 5 to 7 degrees C.
Mean summer soil temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 30 to 46 cm and includes part of the argillic horizon.
Depth to bedrock: 100 to 150 cm.
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral. Reaction trend is either constant or pH increases slightly as depth increases.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Average 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: Average 0 to 30 percent, but can range up to 6o percent in some subhorizons.

A1 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3.
Structure: Moderate or strong granular or subangular but is massive in some pedons.
Dry consistence: Soft or slightly hard.

A2 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Structure: Moderate or strong granular or subangular but is massive in some pedons.
Dry consistence: Soft or slightly hard.

Bt horizon
Hue: 7.5YR, 5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma of 3 or 4.
Texture: Clay loam or sandy clay loam modified by up to 35 percent gravel and/or cobbles.
Structure: Moderate or strong, fine to coarse, subangular blocky, or angular blocky or weak or moderate, fine or medium prismatic.

BCt horizon
Boundary: clear to diffuse.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Grunder, Primeaux, Rammel, Shotgun, and Tingey series.

Grunder, Primeaux, Rammel, and Shotgun soils have a lithic contact or a paralithic contact at depths of 50 to 100 cm. Tingey soils have an accumulation of calcium carbonate within a depth of 100 cm.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Newlands soils are on slightly concave, gently sloping to strongly sloping mountain, or foothill toe slopes, or moderately sloping to steep mountain slopes and ridges. Slopes are 5 to 50 percent. They formed in residuum and local colluvium derived from basic rocks including andesite, basalt, andesitic tuff, and tuff breccia. These soils occur at elevations ranging mainly from 1,830 to 2,135 meters, but are as low as 1,427 meters on north exposures. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 300 to 400 mm and comes mostly from snow. The climate is cold, having mean annual temperature of 5 to 7 degrees C.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hapgood and Home Camp soils. Hapgood soils have a mollic epipedon more than 50 cm thick and have a loamy-skeletal particle-size control section. Home Camp soils have a gravelly clay Bt horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; slow or medium runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The dominant vegetation is big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, and Idaho fescue.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The soils occur in northeastern California and northwestern Nevada and are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada, 1962.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this profile are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 41 cm (A1, A2, and Bt1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 20 to 114 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and BCt horizons).
Lithic contact - The boundary at 114 cm (R layer).
Particle size control section - The zone from about 20 to 70 cm (Bt1, Bt2, and a portion of the Bt3 horizon).

Remarks: Previous authors and editors include GWH/LNL/LWW.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.