LOCATION HAPGOOD NV+CA CO ID MT OR

Established Series
Rev. JBF/TM
04/2016

HAPGOOD SERIES

The Hapgood series consists of deep, well drained soils that formed mainly in colluvium and residuum derived from mixed rocks with a component of loess and volcanic ash. Hapgood soils are on hills, mountains, plateaus, and ridges. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 500 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Pachic Haplocryolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hapgood very gravelly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted)

A1--0 to 8 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate thin and medium platy structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few fine and many very fine roots; many fine interstitial and few very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick)

A2--8 to 20 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very gravelly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium and many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and common very fine tubular pores; 40 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 33 cm thick)

A3--20 to 66 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine, and many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial, and common very fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 50 cm thick)

AC--66 to 91 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and many very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and common very fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 30 cm thick)

C--91 to 127 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very cobbly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; many fine and medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron stains along vertical cleavage planes; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine, and common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 20 percent cobbles and 20 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary.

R--127 cm; hard, fractured andesite.

TYPE LOCATION: Washoe County, Nevada; about 60 miles west of Denio Junction; 300 feet north and 450 feet east of the southwest corner of section 10, T. 46 N., R. 19 E; USGS Little Coleman Canyon 7.5 minute quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 55 minutes 1.6 seconds N and longitude 119 degrees 50 minutes 51.8 seconds W; WSG84 Decimal Degrees 41.917111 latitude, -119.847722 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist in winter and spring, dry late July through early October; typic xeric moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 3 to 8 degrees C.
Mean summer soil temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 40 to 122 cm.
Depth to bedrock: 100 to 150 cm to a lithic contact.
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Average 18 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent, dominantly gravel. Lithology of fragments is mixed.

A horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 2 through 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3 in most pedons, chroma of 1 is common only in A1 horizon and chroma of 3 is common only in A3 horizon or below.
Base saturation: 50 to 75 percent in upper part.
Other features: A4 horizons may replace AC horizon in some pedons.

C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 through 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6.
Texture: Predominantly loam, but strata of fine sandy loam, sandy loam, silt loam or clay loam are permissible.
Other features: Some pedons lack C horizons where the mollic epipedon rests on the bedrock at depths less than 122 cm.

COMPETING SERIES: These are Baconcamp, Badhap, Behanco, Behanin, Belsac, Boydhollow, Bullrey, Busterback, Croesus, Dressel, Gateview, Goodski, Harcany, Hobacker, Lionhead, Lolon, Marcetta, Mundos, Nagitsy, Namela, Nazaton, Papaspila, Parkcity, Poleline, Povey, Snacreek, Snopoc, Splitbutte, and Tonigut series.

Badhap, Boydhollow, Bullrey, Dressel, Mundos, Parkcity, and Snagcreek soils have bedrock deeper than 150 cm. Behanco, Behanin, Marcetta and Nazaton soils have an E horizon and/or a Bw horizon. Belsac and Goodski soils have a paralithic contact within 100 cm. Gateview, Harcany, Poleline, and Snopoc soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Busterback soils have 10 to 18 percent clay and 50 to 75 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section. Hobacker, Lionhead, and Tonigut soils are calcareous within 100 cm. Baconcamp, Croesus, Nagitsy, and Namela, soils have bedrock within 100 cm. Lolon soils have loose sand at a depth of less than 100 cm. Papaspila soils have summer soil temperatures of 7 to 8 degrees C. and have 35 to 85 percent rock fragments, mainly cobble-sized and are in a 640 to 900 mm precipitation zone. Povey soils have a cambic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hapgood soils are on smooth to concave hills, mountains, plateaus, and ridges with north aspects. They formed in alluvium, colluvium, and residuum derived from mixed or volcanic rocks with a component of loess and volcanic ash. In Montana they have formed in glacial till. Slopes are 2 to 75 percent. Elevations range from 1,707 to 3,048 meters. Climate is cold, semiarid with cold, wet winters and cool, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 350 to 610 mm that comes largely as winter snow. Additional moisture may be derived as a result of snow accumulation through drifting in the area. The mean annual temperature is 2 to 7 degrees C and the frost-free period is less than 70 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hartig, Home Camp, and Newlands soils. Hartig soils have thin mollic epipedons, a frigid temperature regime, and are on east or south aspects. Home Camp soils are clayey-skeletal, moderately deep to paralithic contacts, and have argillic horizons and thin mollic epipedons. Newlands soils are fine-loamy, deep to lithic contacts, and have argillic horizons and thin mollic epipedons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium to very high surface runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Hapgood soils are used mainly for rangeland and wildlife habitat. Vegetation consists mainly of mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, Idaho fescue, mountain brome, and arrowleaf balsamroot.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Nevada and adjacent areas in California and Oregon in Land Resource Region D. These soils have also been mapped in Montana in Land Resource Region E. These soils are extensive, with about 128,000 acres of the series mapped in Nevada alone. MLRAs 23, 24, 25, 27, 28A, and 28B in Nevada; MLRA 21 in California and Oregon; MLRAs 43, 44, and 46 in Montana.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washoe County, Nevada (Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California-Nevada), 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 91 cm (A1, A2, A3, and AC horizons).
Lithic contact - The boundary at 127 cm to underlying hard bedrock (R layer).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (AC horizon and parts of the A3 and C horizons).

ADDITIONAL DATA: A pedon of Hapgood has been sampled for full characterization by the Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE as soil survey sample number S81NV-015-303.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.