LOCATION NORMANIA                MN

Established Series
Rev. HLH-KMB-JJB
04/2013

NORMANIA SERIES

The Normania series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in loamy calcareous till. These soils are on slightly concave to slightly convex slopes on upper parts of drainageways and swales on ground moraines and till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 610 to 930 millimeters, and mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Normania loam on a slightly concave foot slope of 2 percent, on a till plain in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap-- 0 to 15 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary.

A-- 15 to 33 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear irregular boundary.

AB-- 33 to 43 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) crushed; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) worm casts; about 2 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear irregular boundary.

Bw-- 43 to 66 centimeters; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; friable; about 3 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear irregular boundary.

Bk-- 66 to 91 centimeters; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; about 5 percent gravel; few soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary.

Bkg-- 91 to 127 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; common soft masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual smooth boundary.

Cg-- 127 to 200 centimeters; gray (5Y 5/1) loam; massive; friable; common medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; few iron oxide stains; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103 - Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Lyon County, Minnesota subset; about 1 mile east of Ghent; located about 180 feet north and 125 feet east of the southwest corner of section 11, T. 112 N., R. 42 W; USGS Minnesota quadrangle, lat. 44 degrees 30 minutes 59 seconds N and long. 95 degrees 52 minutes 37 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--50 to 90 centimeters
Thickness of mollic epipedon is--25 to 50 centimeters
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent by volume throughout, mixed lithology and size(shale fragments 2 to 10 mm in size are a common component)
Clay content of the particle size control section ranges--18 to 33 percent and the sand content ranges from 30 to 50 percent throughout

Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam or clay loam
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--30 to 45 centimeters

AB horizon: (when present)
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--loam or clay loam
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters


Bw horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 10YR
Value-- 3 or 4
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture-- loam or clay loam
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3
Thickness--15 to 45 centimeters

Bk and Bkg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture-- loam or clay loam
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent--15 to 25 percent
Thickness--15 to 100 centimeters

Cg or C horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 through 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent--10 to 20 percent
Moist bulk density--1.40 to 1.50 g/cc

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arkton, Crippin, Fostoria, Kensett, Merton, Nicollet, Ottosen, Readlyn, Snider, Stone, Walnut Grove, and Wilmonton series.
Arkton--have a bulk density of 1.6 g/cc or greater in the lower third of the series control section
Crippin--have carbonates within a depth of 25 centimeters
Fostoria--do not have rock fragments in the upper two thirds of the series control section
Kensett--have a lithic contact within a depth of 100 centimeters
Merton --do not have coarse fragments in the upper third of the series control section
Nicollet--do not have a calcic horizon in the series control section
Ottosen--have less than 25 percent sand in the upper third of the series control section
Readlyn--do not have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a moist bulk density of 1.75 to 1.90 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Snider--do not have coarse fragments in the series control section
Stone--have a lithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters
Walnut Grove--have a moist bulk density of 1.45 to 1.65 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Wilmonton--have a moist bulk density of 1.6 to 1.8 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section, and have less than 25 percent sand in the upper third of the series control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy calcareous till
Landform--slightly concave to slightly convex slopes on upper parts of drainageways and swales on ground moraines and till plains
Geologic formation--Des Moines Lobe of the late Wisconsin glaciation
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--210 to 560 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--610 to 930 millimeters
Frost-free period--150 to 200 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Amiret, Canisteo, Seaforth, Ves, and Webster soils.
Amiret--are on slightly higher landscape position and have a saturated zone greater than 100 centimeters during the wettest periods of the year
Canisteo--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters during the wettest periods of the year
Seaforth--have carbonates in all parts of the series control section
Ves--are on higher landscape positions on convex side slopes and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 180 centimeters during the wettest periods of the year
Webster--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of the year

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well--a zone of saturation is found between depths of 50 to 120 centimeters in the wettest months of normal years.

Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.2 to 14.1 micrometers per second (moderately high)

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, and small grains. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:

Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Western Lake section
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR M; south-central and southwestern Minnesota
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lyon County, Minnesota, 1976.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 cm;
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 cm.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 43 centimeters (Ap, A and AB horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from 43 to 66 centimeters (Bw horizon);
calcic horizon--the zone from 66 to 127 centimeters (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons);
udic moisture regime;
aquic subgroup--iron depletions in calcic horizon (Bk)

Drainage and saturation was revised to align with historical series concept following an analysis of Taxonomic Unit Description pedons throughout MLRA 103.

MLRA SSO Responsible: 10-ALB (Albert Lea, Minnesota)

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Pedon 1976MN083500 is the type location.
Laboratory data--Pedons S1976MN173-000 (2301), S1978MN015-024 (2720), S1978MN015-025 (2721), and S1980MN064-000 (3275) have accompanying University of Minnesota lab data in KSSL.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.