LOCATION NEWALLA OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over clayey, siliceous, superactive, thermic Udic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Newalla fine sandy loam--on a 7 percent slightly convex southeast facing upland side slope-under post oak and blackjack oak savannah. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) fine sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many very fine, fine, and common medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
E--3 to 6 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, very friable; many very fine, fine, and common medium roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Bt1--6 to 10 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam, red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common very fine, fine, medium, and few coarse roots; discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; many faces of peds coated with light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sandy loam; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. ( 3 to 15 inches thick)
2Bt2--10 to 16 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; moderate fine and medium blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common very fine and fine roots and a few medium and coarse roots; continuous clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 23 inches thick)
2Btss--16 to 30 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; common very fine and fine roots and a few medium and coarse roots; few slickensides; continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 26 inches thick)
2Btkss--30 to 42 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; weak medium subangular blocky and blocky structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; few very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; few slickensides; continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions; common fine and medium soft masses of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 28 inches thick)
2B'tss--42 to 51 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; weak medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, extremely firm; few very fine and fine roots; common slickensides; continuous clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark concretions; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
2BC--51 to 58 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) gravelly silty clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) redox accumulations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few very fine roots; discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; 25 percent by volume of shale fragments from 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
2Cr--58 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) weakly laminated, soft shale; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Cleveland County, Oklahoma; about 1 mile south and 7.4 miles east of Slaughterville; 1,900 feet east and 150 feet south from the northwest corner of sec. 21, T. 7 N., R. 1 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness and depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is fine sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam. Base saturation (by sum of cations) ranges from 35 to 50 percent. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. In some pedons, the E horizon is mixed with the Ap horizon in cultivation. Texture is fine sandy loam. Base saturation (by sum of cations) ranges from 25 to 35 percent. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The Bt1 horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture is sandy clay loam or clay loam. Clay content ranges from about 20 to 35 percent. In some eroded pedons, the Bt1 horizon is mixed with the Ap horizon. Base saturation (by sum of cations) ranges from 25 to 50 percent. The boundary between the Bt1 and 2Bt is clear or abrupt. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The 2Bt and 2Btss horizons have hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is silty clay or clay and the clay content ranges from 40 to 60 percent. Exchangeable sodium percentage ranges from 0 to 2. Base saturation (by sum of cations) ranges from 35 to 85 percent. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately alkaline. Redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or brown may be present below 30 inches.
The 2Btkss and 2Btksshorizons have hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture is clay or silty clay and the clay content ranges from 40 to 60 percent. Base saturation (by sum of cations) ranges from 55 to 98 percent. Exchangeable sodium percentage ranges from 3 to 7. Soft masses of calcium carbonate range from 0 to 10 percent by volume. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline. Redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or brown may be present.
The 2BC or 2BCk horizon has hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Most pedons have redox concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or brown. Texture is sandy clay, silty clay, gravelly silty clay, or very gravelly silty clay and the clay content ranges from 40 to 60 percent. Shale fragments from 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter range from 0 to 50 percent by volume. Base saturation (by sum of cations) ranges from 75 to 79 percent. Exchangeable sodium percentage ranges from 5 to 10. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The 2Cr horizon has hue of 10R to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Some pedons are streaked in shades of brown, yellow, or gray. In some pedons the 2Cr horizon is interbedded with thin beds of sandstone. In some pedons the 2Cr horizon has slight or very slight effervescent. Exchangeable sodium percentage ranges from 5 to 12. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline. This material is non paralithic and excavation difficulty is low or moderate. Fractures are greater than 10 cm apart. This material is dense enough to be root restrictive. Most of this material slakes in water within 15 hours.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Newalla soils are on very gently sloping to steep summits and back slopes of uplands in the Cross Timbers. Slopes range from 1 to 25 percent. The upper part formed in material weathered from sandstone and the lower part formed in material weathered from shale of Permian age. Mean Annual Precipitation: 30 to 40 inches. Mean Annual Temperature: 58 to 62 degrees F. Thornthwaite Annual P-E indices: 44 to 64. Frost free days: 200 to 230. Elevation: 800 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Grainola Darnell, Darsil, Harrah, Littleaxe, Renfrow, and Stephenville series. Darnell and Darsil soils lack an argillic horizon and are less than 20 inches thick over sandstone. Darnell and Darsil soils are mainly on the ridge crests. Grainola soils are on side slopes of prairie uplands. Harrah, Littleaxe, and Stephenville soils have a fine-loamy control section. In addition, Harrah soils have a solum more than 72 inches thick and Stephenville soils have a solum from 20 to 40 inches thick over sandstone. Harrah soils are on lower foot slopes and side slopes. Littleaxe soils are on ridge crests and Stephenville soils are on landscapes similar to Newalla soils. Renfrow soils have a solum more than 60 inches thick and are on higher prairie uplands.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Newalla soils are moderately well drained. Runoff is very high and permeability is very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for range or tame pasture. The native vegetation is post oak, blackjack oak, and hickory with an understory of mid and tall grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Cross Timbers (MLRA 84A) of central Oklahoma. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Garvin County, Oklahoma; 1982.
REMARKS: Series Interpretation Record No. OK0295
These soils were formerly included with the Windthorst series in earlier surveys.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 3 inches (A horizon).
Albic horizon - the zone from 3 inches to 6 inches (E horizon).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 6 inches to a depth of 51 inches (Bt horizons). Lithologic discontinuity - the contrasting material encountered at a depth of 10 inches. Accumulation of secondary calcium carbonate - the zone from 30 inches to a depth of 51 inches (2Btk horizons)
.
Cr horizon - non paralithic rock like material encountered at a depth of 58 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. Sample number 80-OK-14-37 and 80-OK-14-36.