LOCATION NEWTONIA                OK+AR KS MO

Established Series
Rev. ACP, PRF
09/2012

NEWTONIA SERIES

The Newtonia series consists of very deep well drained soils that formed in loess and residuum of the Cherokee Prairies (MLRA 112). Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 99 centimeters (39 inches) and the mean annual air temperature is 16 degrees C. (60 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Typic Paleudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Newtonia silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 28 centimeters (0 to 11 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silt loam; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 36 centimeters (6 to 14 inches) thick)

BA--28 to 46 centimeters (11 to 18 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few wormcasts; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 30 centimeters (4 to 12 inches) thick)

Bt1--46 to 66 centimeters (18 to 26 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few wormcasts; nearly continuous clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches) thick)

Bt2--66 to 117 centimeters (26 to 46 inches); dark red (2.5YR 3/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; nearly continuous clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (25 to 51 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) thick)

Bt3--117 to 157 centimeters (46 to 62 inches); red (2.5YR 4/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; nearly continuous clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Tulsa County, Oklahoma; about 0.8 kilometer (1/2 mile) east of Tulsa International Airport; about 634 meters (2,080 feet) east of 61 meters (200 feet) south of the northwest corner of sec. 19, T. 20 N., R. 14 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: udic
Depth to argillic horizon: 25 to 66 centimeters (10 to 26 inches)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 30 to 35 percent
Sand content: 4 to 16 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent
Size: less than 3 inches
Kind: limestone and chert

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 14 to 24 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 1 percent
Gravel size fragments: 0 to 1 percent
Base saturation: 75 to 100 percent
Reaction: neutral to strongly acid

BA horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 to 4
Other: where the A horizon is less than 10 inches thick, the value is 3 and chroma is 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to strongly acid

Upper Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent
Gravel size fragments: 0 to 3 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 90 percent
Reaction: moderately acid or strongly acid

Lower Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 30 to 55 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 55 percent
Gravel size fragments: 0 to 50 percent
Cobble size fragments: 0 to 20 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 90 percent
Reaction: moderately acid or strongly acid

Lithological discontinuties are recognized:
2Bt horizon (where present):
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 30 to 55 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 55 percent
Gravel size fragments: 0 to 50 percent
Cobble size fragments: 0 to 20 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 90 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

3Bt horizon (where present):
Hue: 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Clay content: 30 to 55 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 55 percent
Gravel size fragments: 0 to 50 percent
Cobble size fragments: 0 to 20 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 90 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loess, loamy and clayey sediments, and residuum
Landscape: upland
Landform: plateau
Slopes: 0 to 8 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 94 to 117 centimeters (37 to 46 inches)
Annual Thornthwaite P-E index: 64 to 80
Mean annual temperature: 14 to 17 degrees C. (57 to 62 degrees F.)
Frost-free period: 200 to 220 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Catoosa, Claremore, Lula, Maplegrove, Shidler, Summit and Talpa series.
Catoosa: are underlain by limestone bedrock between depths of 20 to 40 inches
Claremore: have hard limestone within a depth of 20 inches
Lula: are underlain with hard limestone between depths of 40 and 60 inches
Maplegrove: fine textural family and moderately well drained
Osage: fine textural family and poorly drained
Shidler: have hard limestone within a depth of 20 inches
Summit: fine textural family on the lower third of the sideslope
Talpa: have hard limestone within a depth of 20 inches

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well
Runoff: neglible to medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for small grains and grain sorghum.
Small grains are used for pastures.
The native vegetation is mid and tall grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Oklahoma, Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, and southwestern Missouri. The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lawrence County, Missouri; 1923.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 46 to 97 centimeters (18 to 38 inches) (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 46 centimeters (0 to 18 inches) (A and BA horizons)
Agrillic horizon: The zone from 46 to 117 centimeters (18 to 46 inches) (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)

Remarks: Newtonia soils were formerly classified in the Reddish Prairie great soil group.

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998

ADDITIONAL DATA: Modified format by LRM in 10/2005 to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.