LOCATION OPOLIS MO
Established Series
ACP-KDH-KDV
09/2012
OPOLIS SERIES
The Opolis series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in a thin mantle of silty loess over residuum on plains in the Cherokee Prairies (MLRA 112). Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual temperature is 57 degrees F and mean annual precipitation is 40 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Albaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Opolis silt loam, on a 0 to 1 percent slope in a fallow wheat field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Ap2--4 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 7 to 13 inches.)
E1--8 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine and fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
E2--11 to 15 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizons is 2 to 10 inches.)
2Bt1--15 to 18 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; many continuous prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brownish gray (10YR 4/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--18 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR5/6) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; many continuous prominent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and many continuous prominent dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brownish gray (10YR 4/2) iron depletions on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt3--24 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak moderate subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine pores; common continuous prominent dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 9 to 48 inches.)
3Btg--30 to 46 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few discontinous distinct dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; commom medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation throughout; about 1 percent silt tongues 1 cm wide extending from top to bottom of horizon; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
3Bt1--46 to 59 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine pores; few discontinous distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions throughout; few discontinuous prominent black stains on vertical faces of peds; about 1 percent silt tongues 1 cm wide extending from top to bottom of horizon; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
3Bt2--59 to 70 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; strong fine and medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; common very fine and fine pores; common discontinous distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on vertical faces of peds; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation throughout; few discontinuous prominent black stains on vertical faces of peds; about 1 percent silt tongues 1 to 4 cm wide extending from top to bottom of horizon; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 3Bt horizons is 15 to 50 inches.)
4Btg--70 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silty clay; strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine subangular blocky; very firm; few very fine and fine pores; many discontinous distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium and coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation throughout; common discontinuous prominent black stains on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Jasper County, Missouri; about one mile north of Asbury; 6,000 feet south and 2,400 feet east of the northwest corner, sec 2, T. 29 N., R. 34 W.; Asbury quadrangle, lat. 37 degrees 17 minutes 30 seconds N and long. 94 degrees 36 minutes 16 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is udic
Depth to abrupt textural change: 12 to 20 inches
Depth to argillic horizon: 12 to 20 inches
Depth to redox concentrations: 9 to 27 inches
Depth to redox depletions: 13 to 80 inches
Depth to episaturation: 13 to 24 inches in February
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Sand content: 3 to 20 percent
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, and 6, dry
Chroma: 2
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 7 to 24 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 95 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 7.3
E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Redoximorphic features: None to common in shades of brown
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 7 to 24 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 75 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 7.3
Upper 2Bt horizon
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redoximorphic features: Few to common clay films in shades of gray on ped faces or few iron depletions in shades of gray
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 63 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 80 percent
Reaction: 4.5 - 7.3
Lower 2Bt horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redoximorphic features: None to common clay films in shades of gray
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 63 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 80 percent
Reaction: 4.5 - 7.3
2Btg horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Redoximorphic features: None to common clay films in shades of gray
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 63 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 80 percent
Reaction: 4.5 - 7.3
3Bt horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redoximorphic features: None to common black stains occur; none to common clay films in shades of gray; from 1 to 15 percent tongues and interfingers of silt are in some pedons.
Texture: silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content: 24 to 40 percent
Base saturation: 60 to 95 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 6.5
3Btg horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Redoximorphic features: Few to common black stains; none to common clay films in shades of gray; from 1 to 15 percent tongues and interfingers of silt are in some pedons
Texture: silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content: 24 to 40 percent
Base saturation: 60 to 95 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 6.5
3Bt/E horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redoximorphic features: None to common black stains occur; none to common clay films in shades of gray
Texture: silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Other features: From 15 to 30 percent silt tongues, 1.5 to 8 cm wide, extend through the horizon
Clay content: 24 to 40 percent
Base saturation: 60 to 95 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 6.5
4Bt horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 8
Redoximorphic features: None to common black stain; none to common clay films in shades of gray; none to 15 percent tongues and interfingers of silt
Texture: silty clay, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent
Gravel size fragments: 0 to 35 percent
Clay content: 30 to 50 percent
Base saturation: 65 to 85 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 6.0
3BC horizon (where present)
Hue: 5Y
Value: 6
Chroma: 2
Texture: clay or silty clay
Clay content: 40 to 65 percent
Base saturation: 50 to 95 percent
Reaction: 5.1 - 6.0
Some pedons are underlain with sandstone or shale bedrock below a depth of 60 inches.
COMPETING SERIES:
Bushnell soils have a lithic contact at 20 to 40 inches
Cadeville soils have a solum less than 60 inches in thickness
Grubbs soil lack a lithologic discontinunity and formed in Pleistocene aged sediments
Trenholm soils have a solum less than 60 inches in thickness
Wister soils have a lithic contact at 40 to 60 inches
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loess and residuum
Landscape: Plain
Landform: interfluve
Slopes: 0 to 3 percent
Elevation: ? to ? feet
Mean annual temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 38 to 42 inches
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Barden: do not have an abrupt texture change
Cherokee: are gray throughout and are somewhat poorly drained
Medoc: are gray in the upper argillic horizon and are somewhat poorly drained
Parsons: are gray throughout and are somewhat poorly drained
Taloka: are gray throughout and are somewhat poorly drained
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: Moderately well
Runoff: low
Permeability: Permeability is slow
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in cropland. A few areas are in native hayland or pasture. Principal crops are wheat, corn, milo, and soybeans. Native vegetation is prairie grasses, mainly big and little bluestem.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Missouri and possibly Southeast Kansas and Northeast Oklahoma. The soils are of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jasper County, Missouri, 2001. The name is from a small town on the Kansas-Missouri state line.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 15 to 35 inches. (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, and 3Btg horizons)
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 15 inches. (Ap1, Ap2, E1, and E2 horizons)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 15 to 80 inches. (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 3Btg, 3Bt1, 3Bt2, and 4Btg horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: In the zone from 30 to 46 inches. (3Btg horizons)
Redoximorphic depletions: In the zone from 15 to 24 inches. (2Bt1 and 2Bt2 horizons)
Episaturation: The zone of saturation at ? to ? inches. (? horizons)
Abrupt textural change: At the upper boundary of the 2Bt1 horizon.
Lithologic discontinuity: At the upper boundary of the 2Bt1 horizon, the upper boundary of the 3Btg horizon and the upper boundary of the 4Btg horizon.
These soils were formerly included in the Cherokee and Parsons series.
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab sample(s) numbers 94MO097004 and Missouri Characterization Laboratory Sample M9209716
Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eighth Edition, 1998
ADDITIONAL DATA:
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.