LOCATION ORENDA VAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Ultic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Orenda loam - mixed hardwood and pine forest. (Colors are for moist soils.)
0i--0 to 1 inches; partially decomposed hardwood leaves, pine needles and twigs.
Ap--1 to 9 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; moderate fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many fine, medium and coarse roots; 5 percent angular and subrounded vein quartz gravel; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--9 to 32 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very firm, very plastic; sticky, many fine and medium roots; common distinct clay films on ped faces; 1 percent angular vein quartz gravel; common fine and medium Fe-Mn concretions; few fine mica flakes; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--32 to 41 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay loam; common medium, distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) mottles; firm, plastic and sticky; common fine and medium roots; many distinct clay films on ped faces; common Fe-Mn concretions and streaks; 5 percent partially weathered gneiss fragments; common fine mica flakes; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt ranges from 20 to 40 inches)
C1--41 to 47 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; common medium and coarse distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and brown (10YR 5/3) and few red (2.5YR 4/8) mottles; massive; friable, slightly plastic, sticky; few fine roots; many distinct clay flows in crevices; 5 percent partially weathered hornblende gneiss fragments; common fine mica flakes; common Fe-Mn streaks; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
C2--47 to 67 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandy loam; many medium and coarse mottles in shades of red, yellow, brown and black; massive; friable, slightly plastic, sticky; few fine roots; common fine mica flakes; few faint clay flows in crevices; 20 percent partially weathered hornblende gneiss fragments; common Fe-Mn streaks; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.
Cr--67 inches; partially weathered hornblende gneiss
TYPE LOCATION: Prince William County, Virginia, located about 1200 feet north of south branch Quantico Creek and about 80 feet east of Park Central Road in Prince William Forest Park.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from about 24 to 50 inches. Depth to bedrock is from 5 to 15 feet. Rock fragments of angular vein quartz range from 0 to 15 percent throughout the soil. Content of partially weathered hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist fragments range from 0 to 25 percent throughout. Rock fragments do not average more than 35 percent in the particle-size control section. Mica flakes are few to common in the Bt and C horizons. Reaction is strongly acid through slightly acid, unless limed.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 through 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, silt loam or loam.
The E horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 6 and chroma of 3 through 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam.
The BE or BA horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 8. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 4 through 8. High and low chroma parent material mottling is common in the lower B. It is clay or clay loam.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 4 through 8. High and low chroma parent material mottling is common in the lower B. It is loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay.
The C horizon is commonly multicolored in shades of red, yellow, brown, white and black. It is loam, silt loam, sandy loam or sandy clay loam in the fine earth fraction.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Fauquier, Lenberg, Montalto, Needmore, Norton, Peabody, Pisgah and Poplimento, and Saucon(T) soils. Fauquier soils are more than 40 inches deep to Greenstone bedrock. Lenberg and Needmore soils are 20 to 40 inches to bedrock. Montalto soils formed from diabase or gabbro and have these rock fragments throughout the profile. Norton soils are more than 40 inches to bedrock and B horizon is 2.5YR or 10R. Peabody soils have soft bedrock at 20 to 40 inches. Pisgah soils are developed in limestone residuum and the solum ranges to more than 60 inches. Poplimento soils solum ranges from 40 to 60 inches and they are developed in residuum of limestone and shale. Saucon soils are in Triassic Basins of the northern part of the Piedmont Plateau.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Orenda soils are on ridges and side slopes in the northern part of the Piedmont Plateau. Slope gradients range from 2 to 25 percent. These soils developed in residuum from hornblende gneiss or hornblende schist and other mixed basic and acidic volcanogenic materials. Annual temperature ranges from about 53 to 57 degrees F. Annual precipitation ranged from about 39 to 43 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are dominantly the Minnieville and Spriggs and to a lesser extent Buckhall and Elioak soils. The Minnieville soils have redder colors in their B horizons. The Spriggs soils have thinner sola and are shallower to bedrock. The Buckhall developed in materials that weathered from granite or granite gneiss and the Elioak in materials that weathered from quartz muscovite schist.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to medium runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: About half of the acreage is used for the general crops, corn soybeans, hay and pasture. A large acreage is in hardwood and pine forest. Native vegetation is oak-hickory forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Virginia and Maryland. About 1500 acres are mapped in Prince William County. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Prince William County, Virginia, 1985.
REMARKS: Orenda soils were previously included in the Fluvanna soils. The Fluvanna soils are thermic. Diagnostic features and horizons present in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon-zone from 0 to 9 inches (Oi and Ap horizons).
2. Argillic horizon-zone from 9 to 41 inches.
SIR=VA0215
MLRA=148, 149A, 136
REVISED=2/24/96, MHC
Orenda soils made active CE activity class based on association with Spriggs series. 11/2004 - MAV.
SIR/OSD REPORT
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
VA0217 ORENDA 2-55 53-57 180-220 39-43 300-1500
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
VA0217 NONE >6.0 >60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
VA0217 0- 8 SIL L 0-2 80-100 10-27 -
VA0217 0- 8 SL FSL 0-2 80-100 10-20 -
VA0217 0- 8 CL 0-2 80-100 27-40 -
VA0217 8-40 CL C L 0-2 50-100 35-60 -
VA0217 40-66 SCL L GR-SCL 0- 5 50-100 20-35 -
VA0217 66-76 WB - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
VA0217 0- 8 5.1-6.0 1.-2. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW
VA0217 0- 8 5.1-6.0 1.-2. 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW
VA0217 0- 8 5.1-6.0 .5-1. 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE
VA0217 8-40 5.1-6.0 0.-.5 0-0 0.2-0.6 MODERATE
VA0217 40-66 5.1-6.0 0.-.5 0-0 0.6-2.0 LOW
VA0217 66-76 - - 0-0 -