LOCATION PANAM TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Hyperthermic, uncoated Aquic Quartzipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Panam fine sand--in an area of Panam-Mustang complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes; on a southeast facing 1.5 percent slope in rangeland at an elevation of 6 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3), dry; single grain; loose; 7 percent very fine and fine roots and 1 percent medium roots; 1 percent fine and medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 1 percent fine and medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries lining pores; 1 percent sand-sized seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 1; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
A2--10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 in); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3), dry; single grain; loose; 5 percent very fine and fine roots and 1 percent medium roots; 1 percent fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries lining pores; 1 percent sand-sized seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 2; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 15 to 89 cm [6 to 35 in])
C1--23 to 46 cm (9 to 18 in); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3), dry; single grain; loose; 2 percent very fine and fine roots; 1 percent fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries lining pores; 2 percent sand-sized seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 2; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
C2--46 to 76 cm (18 to 30 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sand, very pale brown (10YR 7/3), dry; single grain; loose; 2 percent very fine and fine roots; 5 percent fine and medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and 1 percent fine and medium faint light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of oxidized iron with sharp boundaries lining pores; 5 percent sand-sized seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 6; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline: clear smooth boundary.
C3--76 to 97 cm (30 to 38 in); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), dry; single grain; loose; 1 percent very fine and fine roots; 1 percent fine and medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries lining pores; 3 percent medium and coarse faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions with clear boundaries in matrix; 4 percent sand-sized seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 4; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the C horizon is 25 to 89 cm [10 to 35 in])
Cg1--97 to 122 cm (38 to 48 in); gray (2.5Y 5/1) fine sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), dry; single grain; loose; 1 percent very fine and fine roots; 10 percent coarse faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries in matrix; 4 percent sand-sized seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 2; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg2--122 to 152 cm (48 to 60 in); gray (5Y 6/1) fine sand, light gray (2.5Y 7/2), dry; single grain; loose; 1 percent fine and medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries in matrix; 6 percent sand-sized and 1 percent fine and medium seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 1; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg3--152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 in); gray (5Y 5/1) fine sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), dry; single grain; loose; 1 percent fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) masses of oxidized iron with clear boundaries in matrix; 6 percent sand-sized and 1 percent fine and medium seashell fragments; nonsaline; SAR is about 1; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline. (Combined thickness of the Cg horizon is 48 to 150 cm [19 to 59 in] thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Kleberg County, Texas; from the intersection of Park Road 22 and the county line between Kleberg and Nueces Counties; 8.0 miles southwest on Park Road 22 to the pay station entrance of Padre Island National Seashore; 4.5 miles southwest on Park Road 22 to the end of the paved road; 7.0 miles south along the beach to the entrance of Pan Am Road; 0.2 mile northwest on Pan Am Road; 0.6 mile south on Pan Am Road; 50 feet west on a low mound in rangeland. South Bird Island SE, Texas USGS topographic quadrangle; Latitude: 27 degrees, 18 minutes, 52.1 seconds N; Longitude: 97 degrees, 20 minutes, 32.9 seconds W; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: An ustic soil moisture regime bordering on udic. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for less than 120 cumulative days in normal years. Although rainfall amounts are that of an ustic moisture regime, the effective precipitation is higher due to relative landscape position and a fluctuating water table. The water table occurs in most pedons at a depth of 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 inches) for at least two months, in most years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 23 to 24 degrees C (74 to 76 degrees F)
Depth to masses of oxidized iron: 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in)
Depth to iron depletions: 64 to 102 cm (25 to 40 in)
Depth to endosaturation: 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 in) for at least two months in most years.
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
Sand content: 95 to 99 percent
Coarse seashell fragments: 0 to 4 percent
The particle-size control section has less than 5 percent silt plus clay
A horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
Redox Concentration: quantity--1 to 3 percent, size--fine or medium, contrast--faint to prominent, boundary--clear or sharp
Coarse seashell fragments: 0 to 1 percent
Sand-size seashell fragments: 0 to 3 percent
EC (dS/m): 0 to 2
SAR: 0 to 4
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6, 6 to 8 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
Redox Concentration: quantity--1 to 5 percent, size--fine or medium, contrast--faint to distinct, boundary--clear or sharp
Redox depletions: quantity--0 to 15 percent, size--fine or medium, contrast--faint or distinct, boundary--diffuse or clear
Coarse seashell fragments: 0 to 10 percent
Sand-size seashell fragments: 1 to 20 percent
EC (dS/m): 0 to 2
SAR: 0 to 8
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Cg horizon
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, N/, 5GY, 5BG or 5B
Value: 4 to 6, 5 to 8 dry
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: fine sand
Clay content: 1 to 4 percent
Redox Concentration: quantity--1 to 15 percent, size--fine to coarse, contrast--faint to prominent, boundary--clear or sharp
Redox depletions: quantity--0 to 40 percent, size--fine to coarse, contrast--faint or distinct, boundary--diffuse or clear
Coarse seashell fragments: 0 to 10 percent
Sand-size seashell fragments: 1 to 15 percent
EC (dS/m): 0 to 4
SAR: 0 to 8
Reaction: slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Adamsville (FL),
Broward (FL),
Canaveral (FL),
Padre (TX), and
Satellite (FL) series. Similar soils are the
Arenisco (TX),
Daggerhill (TX),
Falfurrias (TX),
Galveston (TX), and
Greenhill (TX) series.
Adamsville, Broward, Canaveral, and Satellite soils: all of these soils have an udic soil moisture regime and are not subject to flooding by storm surge. Also, Adamsville soils are on uplands. Broward soils are moderately deep to limestone. Canaveral soils are on a similar landscape position but generally have more shell fragments. Satellite soils are on flatwoods.
Padre soils: have very strongly acid to neutral soil reaction throughout and do not have seashell fragments.
Arenisco soils: are somewhat excessively drained and have mixed sand mineralogy.
Daggerhill, Falfurrias and Greenhill soils: are excessively drained and do not have a fluctuating water table within 203 cm (80 inches) of the soil surface.
Galveston soils: are somewhat excessively drained, have mixed sand mineralogy, and are dry in the soil moisture control section for less than 90 cumulative days in normal years (udic moisture regime).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Eolian and storm washover sandy sediments of Holocene age.
Landform: low mounds or stabilized dunes on barrier flat areas of barrier islands
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 22 to 23 degrees C (71 to 73 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 635 to 889 mm (25 to 35 in)
Precipitation pattern: November through April are the driest months, with a second dry period in July. September is the wettest month
Frost-free period: 310 to 350 days
Elevation: 1 to 3 meters (3 to 10 ft)
Thornthwaite P-E Index: 31 to 44
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Daggerhill,
Greenhill,
Madre,
Malaquite,
Mustang,
Novillo,
Padre,
Satatton, and
Tatton series.
Daggerhill and Greenhill soils: occur on a higher landform on convex foredunes and back-island stabilized dune fields.
Madre, Malaquite and Mustang soils: are poorly drained, have higher water tables for longer periods throughout the year, and occur on a lower, planar to concave landform on barrier flats. In addition, Madre and Malaquite soils have a SAR of 33 or more within 102 cm (13 or more within 40 inches) of the soil surface.
Novillo soils: are Typic Psammaquents and are on a lower landform in fresh-water marshes.
Padre soils: are on a similar landform.
Satatton and Tatton soils: are Sodic Psammaquents and occur on a lower landform on wind-tidal flats.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Permeability is rapid. Runoff is negligible. A water table occurs in most pedons, at a depth of 30 to 50 inches for at least two months, in most years. The soil is occasionally flooded for very brief periods by high storm surge during strong tropical storms.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used primarily as wildlife habitat and for recreation. Native vegetation consists of seacoast bluestem, gulfdune paspalum, brownseed paspalum, partridge pea and false indigo. The ecological site is: Coastal Sand range site, PE 31-44, 150BY648TX.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Gulf Coast Saline Prairies (MLRA 150B in LRR T) on barrier islands along the lower Gulf Coast of southern Texas. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kleberg County, Texas; 2007. The name is from a service road on Padre Island.
REMARKS: The series was formerly included in the Galveston series. The series are separated based the difference in soil moisture regime and sand mineralogy.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 in). (A1 and A2 horizons)
Particle-size control section: 25 to 102 cm (10 to 40 in). (C1, C2, C3 and Cg1 horizons)
Masses of oxidized iron: 0 to 203 cm (0 to 80 in). (A1, A2, C1, C2, C3, Cg1, Cg2 and Cg3 horizons)
Iron depletions: depleted matrix at 97 to 203 cm (38 to 80 in). (Cg1, Cg2 and Cg3 horizons)
Endosaturation: The zone of saturation at 76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 in) for at least two months in most years. (C3, Cg1, Cg2 and Cg3 horizons)
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL characterization data from the type location (S03TX-273-002). TAMU reference sample data for pH, salinity, sodicity and mineralogy from samples S01TX-273-011 and S01TX-261-002. Particle-size analysis on five pedons, and salinity and sodicity tests on eleven pedons performed at the soil survey project office.
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Tenth Edition, 2006