LOCATION PANAMA OK+GAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Paleudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Panama very gravelly fine sandy loam, on a colluvial footslope with 33 percent gradient, in forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; 50 percent sandstone fragments; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
E--5 to 10 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; 50 percent sandstone fragments; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
BE--10 to 21 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very gravelly fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; 50 percent sandstone fragments; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (7 to 20 inches thick)
Bt1--21 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) very gravelly sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 45 percent sandstone fragments; discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (9 to 28 inches thick)
Bt2--30 to 42 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) very gravelly clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 45 percent sandstone fragments; discontinuous clay films on faces of peds very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
2Bt3--42 to 65 inches; mottled brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), light gray (10YR 7/1) and red (2.5YR 4/6) shaly clay; weak fine blocky structure; firm; 30 percent shale and sandstone fragments; clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: LeFlore County, Oklahoma; about 6 miles northwest of Octavia, Oklahoma; 2,300 feet south and 400 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 17, T. 1 N., R. 24 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and
chroma of 2 or 3. It is loam, fine sandy loam, gravelly loam, gravelly fine sandy loam, very gravelly loam, very gravelly fine sandy loam, stony loam, or stony fine sandy loam. Content of sandstone fragments ranges from 10 to 75 percent. About 10 to 40 percent is less than 76 mm in diameter and 0 to 45 percent is more than 76 mm in diameter. Reaction ranges from medium acid to very strongly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and
chroma of 3 to 6. Texture, reaction, and content of sandstone fragments are the same as the A horizon.
The BE horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture, reaction, and content of sandstone fragments are the same as the A horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 to 8. Some pedons have mottles in shades of brown or red. Texture is cobbly clay loam, cobbly sandy clay loam, gravelly clay loam, gravelly sandy clay loam, very gravelly clay loam, or very gravelly sandy clay loam. Content of sandstne fragments ranges from 35 to 70 percent. About 15 to 50 percent is less than 76 mm in diameter and 10 to 30 percent is more than 76 mm in diameter. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
The 2Bt horizon is coarsely mottled in shades of red, brown,
and gray. Texture is clay, silty clay, clay loam, gravelly clay, gravelly clay loam, very gravelly clay, very gravelly clay loam, shaly clay, shaly clay loam, very shaly clay, or very shaly clay loam. Content of coarse fragments of shale and sandstone ranges from 5 to 65 percent and the fragments are less than 76mm in diameter. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bodine and Caston series in the same family, and the Octavia, Ruston, Saffell, and Zafra series in similar families. All of these soils except Octavia have less than 35 percent clay in the lower sola. In addition, Octavia and Ruston soils have less than 35 percent coarse fragments in the control section. Also, Saffell and Zafra soils have sola less than 60 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Panama soils are on colluvial benches and footslopes in the valley of the Ouachita Mountains and the Arkansas Valley and Ridges. They formed in loamy colluvium over clay. The clay weathered from Pennsylvanian age. Slopes range from 12 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 56 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 60 degrees to 66 degrees F. Thornthwaite annual P-E indices range from 64 to 78 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Caston and Octavia series and the Stapp series. Caston and Octavia soils are on similar areas. Stapp soils have more than 35 percent clay in the control section, have sola less than 60 inches thick, and are on ridgetops and sideslopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Panama soils are well drained. Runoff is medium to very high and permeability is moderately slow. A water table is at a depth of 3.5 to 5 feet mainly during spring and winter.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for woodland. The vegetation is
primarily white oak, southern red oak, hickory, and shortleaf
pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Ouachita Mountains and the Arkansas
Valley and Ridges of Oklahoma and Arkansas. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Latimer County, Oklahoma; 1980.
REMARKS: These soils were formerly included in the Sallisaw
series.