LOCATION PANTON VT+NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, illitic, mesic Typic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Panton silty clay, in a nearly level meadow. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; firm; many fibrous roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
Eg--4 to 8 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay; strong medium angular blocky structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky moderate and medium granular; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many fibrous roots; peds coated with light gray to gray (10YR 6/1); many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Btg1--8 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; common fibrous roots; clay films; slickensides in lower part of horizon; many fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 15 inches thick)
Btg2--15 to 20 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine angular blocky; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; common fibrous roots; clay films; manganese patches; some streaks of dark gray (N 4/0); few fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
Btg3--20 to 25 inches; dark gray (N 4/0) and gray (5Y 5/1) clay; weak medium platy and moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; common fibrous roots; clay films; many light brownish gray (2.5 6/2) lime seams 1/2 inch wide; few manganese patches; few medium distinct olive (5Y 4/4) and very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) masses of iron accumulation; mildly alkaline; slight effervescence with cold dilute hydrochloric acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
Btg4--25 to 38 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; weak medium platy structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; common fibrous roots; clay films along root channels and some dark gray (N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds; few fine light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) lime seams; few manganese patches; many medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; mildly alkaline; strong effervescence along ped faces with cold dilute hydrochloric acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
Btg5--38 to 46 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very firm, very few fibrous roots; clay films; gray (10YR 5/1) lime seams; manganese patches; common fine and medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation with brighter centers; mildly alkaline; slight effervescence with cold dilute hydrochloric acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
Cg1--46 to 58 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; massive; firm; very few fibrous roots; manganese patches; common medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; moderately alkaline; strong effervescence with cold dilute hydrochloric acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg2--58 to 70 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay; massive; firm; very few fibrous roots; manganese patches on ped faces; common fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation with light gray to gray (10YR 6/1) centers; moderately alkaline; strong effervescence with cold dilute hydrochloric acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Cg3--70 to 80 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay; massive; firm; very few fibrous roots; manganese patches on ped faces; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation with light gray to gray (10YR 6/1) centers; mildly alkaline; slight effervescence with cold dilute hydrochloric acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Addison County, Vermont; Town of Addison; about 1/4 mile west of the Vermont Department of Fish and Game Refuge Headquarters on Vermont Highway No. 17, on the north side of highway; latitude 44 degrees, 5 minutes, 15 seconds North and longitude 73 degrees, 19 minutes, 30 seconds West, NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 20 to 46 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 20 to 60 inches. Depth to contrasting strata or bedrock is more than 60 inches. Rock fragments are usually absent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the surface and subsurface layers, from strongly acid to mildly alkaline in the subsoil, and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the substratum.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Structure is moderate or strong, very fine to coarse granular or moderate or strong, very fine to medium angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is very friable, friable, or firm.
The Eg horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay. Structure is moderate or strong, very fine to coarse granular or moderate or strong, very fine to medium angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is very friable, friable, or firm. Some pedons do not have an Eg horizon.
The Btg horizon is neutral or has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is clay. Structure is weak to strong, thin to thick, platy or coarse or very coarse prismatic parting to weak to strong, fine to coarse angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is firm, very firm, extremely firm, sticky, very sticky, plastic, or very plastic.
The Cg horizon is neutral or has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is typically clay, but thin lenses of more silty material are present in some pedons. Structure is massive or weak to strong, thin to thick, platy or coarse or very coarse prismatic parting to weak to strong, fine to coarse angular or subangular blocky. Consistence is firm, very firm, extremely firm, sticky, very sticky, plastic, or very plastic.
COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in the same family. The Albano, Bergland, Canadice, Concord, Condit, Covington, Indus, Kanona, Kinsbury, Latty, Munson, Paulding, Roselms, Scantic, Trumbull, Watchung, Weir and Wetzel series are similar soils in related families. Albano have mixed mineralogy. Bergland, Kanona, Latty, Munson, Paulding, and Scantic soils do not have argillic horizons. Canadice, Concord, Condit, Trumbull, Watchung, Weir, and Wetzel soils have less than 60 percent clay in the solum. Covington soils have Mollic epipedons. Indus soils have smectitic mineralogy. Kingsbury and Roselms soils have chroma of 3 or more in some subhorizons above 30 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Panton soils are nearly level to gently sloping soils on lake and marine plains. They are on broad plains and in depressions and drainageways and on sideslopes of swells and knolls. Slope ranges from 0 to 8 percent. These soils formed in calcareous glaciolacustrine or estuarine clays associated with the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 36 inches, and the mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F. The growing season ranges from 135 to 165 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Covington, Elmwood, Livingston, Melrose, Swanton, Vergennes, and Whately soils. The moderately well drained Vergennes, poorly drained Covington, and very poorly drained Livingston soils are associated in a drainage sequence with Panton soils. Elmwood, Melrose, Swanton, and Whately soils are on outwash landforms and are moderately coarse textured in the upper part of the solum.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly and poorly drained. Permeability is very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are used for hay, pasture, and where adequately drained for silage corn and small grain. Common trees are red maple, eastern white pine, balsam fir, northern red oak, white oak, shagbark hickory, white ash, and sugar maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Champlain, St. Lawrence and upper Hudson Valleys of New York and Vermont (MLRAs 142 and 144A). The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Essex County, New York, 1954.
REMARKS: 1. This series has been classified to the 6th edition of Keys to Soil Taxonomy with this revision. The former classification was very-fine, illitic, mesic Typic Ochraqualfs. 2. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 8 inches (Ap and Eg horizons).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 8 to 46 inches (Btg horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL lab data is available for the typical pedon, S58VT-1-3 (1-10) and for other pedons S58VT-1-1 (1-6), S73VT-1-2, S73VT-1-4, S79VT-21-3 (1-3), and S81VT-21-1 (1-3).