LOCATION PAPEEK CA
Established Series
Rev. KJO-SJB-DJE
02/2023
PAPEEK SERIES
The Papeek series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils on hills and mountain slopes and toe slopes. These soils formed in material weathered from metavolcanic or metasedimentary rock. Slopes range from 5 to 50 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 23 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Papeek clay loam, forested, on a 12 percent E facing slope under Jeffrey pine and antelope bitterbrush at 4800 feet elevation. (When described, 6/26/86, the soil was moist from 8 to 24 inches. Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi--1 inch to 0; litter of needles, twigs and cones; abrupt wavy boundary.
A--0 to 3 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; 5 percent pebbles; vertical cracks; neutral (pH 6.7); abrupt wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)
Bt1--3 to 8 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; few fine and coarse, common medium roots few fine, common very fine tubular pores; few thin pressure faces; 5 percent pebbles; vertical cracks; neutral (pH 6.7); clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--8 to 16 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; common fine distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) and common fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) lithochromic mottles, common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and common fine prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) moist; moderate medium angular blocky structure; hard, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; few fine, common medium and few coarse roots; few very fine tubular pores; common pressure faces; 10 percent hard smooth rounded 5 to 75mm pebbles; nearly horizontal slickensides; vertical cracks; slightly acid (pH 6.5); clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--16 to 24 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; common medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) lithochromic mottles, common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; moderate medium angular blocky structure; hard, very friable, very sticky and very plastic; few fine and few coarse roots; few very fine tubular pores; common pressure faces; 10 percent hard smooth rounded 5 to 75mm pebbles; nearly horizontal slickensides; vertical cracks; slightly acid (pH 6.3); clear wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 18 to 36 inches.)
BCt--24 to 33 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) sandy clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) moist; many medium prominent yellow (10YR 7/6) lithochromic mottles, many medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard very friable, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; few very fine tubular pores; few pressure faces; 10 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 16 inches thick)
Cr1--33 to 39 inches; white (10YR 8/1) fractured mudstone, gray (10YR 6/1) moist; common fine prominent yellow (2.5Y 7/6) lithochromic mottles, common fine prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) moist; few fine and few medium roots; mudstone fractured into angular blocks 10 to 15 mm across; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary.
Cr2--39 inches; soft massive metasedimentary rock.
TYPE LOCATION: Lassen County, California; about 1.7 miles S of the intersection of Highway 36 and the Susan River on the dirt road parallel to Williams Creek and 500 feet W of this road; about 2200 feet W and 2800 feet N of the SE corner of section 18, T.29 N., R.11 E. Fredonyer Peak Quandrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature varies from 47 to 50 degrees F. The soil moisture control section (6 to 20 inches) is dry from July 15th to November 1st (107 days) and is moist in all parts from December 1st to May 15th. The soil temperature exceeds 41 degrees F. from May 15 to November 15th. The thickness of the solum and depth to soft bedrock is 20 to 40 inches. The surface is covered with 0 to 15 percent cobbles. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral throughout. Vertical cracks, 1 to 2 cm wide, extend from the surface to the base of the Bt horizon from mid-July through October.
The A horizon dry color is is 10YR 4/2, 5/2, 5/3 or 2.5Y 6/4. Moist color is 10YR 2/2, 3/2 or 2.5Y 4/4. It is clay loam, cobbly loam or cobbly clay loam modified by 5 to 25 percent cobbles and gravel.
The Bt horizon dry color is 7.5YR 5/3, 5/4, 6/4, 10YR 6/3, 6/4, 7/4, 2.5Y 6/2 or 6/4. Moist color is 7.5YR 4/2, 4/3, 4/4, 10YR 4/3, 4/4, 5/4, 2.5Y 4/2 or 4/4. It is clay or gravelly clay modified by 5 to 20 percent gravel.
The BCt horizon dry color is 2.5Y 7/4, 7/6 or 5Y 7/2. Moist color is 2.5Y 4/4, 6/4, 5/6 or 5Y 5/2. It is sandy clay loam or clay loam modified by 0 to 10 percent gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other soils in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Papeek soils are on hills and mountain back slopes and toe slopes. Slopes are 5 to 50 percent. These soils formed in material weathered from metavolcanic or metasedimentary rock. Elevation is 4,800 to 5,800 feet. The mean annual precipitation is about 18 to 30 inches with 30 to 60 inches of snow. The mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F., mean January temperature is about 30 degrees F., mean July temperature is about 64 degrees F. The frost-free season is 80 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Deadwood,
Gavel,
Outland,
Penstock and
Ulhalf soils. Deadwood soils are shallow to bedrock and are on ridges. Gavel and Outland soils have very gravelly loam subsoils. Penstock soils are very deep and have a very gravelly loam subsoil. Ulhalf soils are deep and have a gravelly clay loam subsoil.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; runoff is medium or rapid; slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Papeek soils are used for timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife and watershed. The vegetation is Jeffrey or Ponderosa pine, black oak, western juniper and antelope bitterbrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern California, Lassen County, California. The soils of this series are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lassen County, California; Susanville Area, parts of Lassen and Plumas Counties, Soil Survey Area, 1988.
REMARKS: Major diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon-0 to 3 inches, (A); ranges from 2 to 4 inches thick.
2. Argillic horizon--3 to 33 inches, (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, BCt); ranges from 15 to 30 inches thick.
2.1 Weighted average of clay content in upper 20 inches ranges from 40 to 50 percent (field estimate).
2.2 Ten to 15 percent increase in clay content from the A horizon (field estimate).
2.3 Thin to moderately thick clay pressure faces present.
Other Diagnostic Soil Characteristics:
1. Vertic Subgroup:
1.1 Vertical cracks extend from the surface to the base of the Bt horizon from mid-July through October.
1.2 Cole exceeds 0.05 in all horizons and is about 0.08 from 3 to 24 inches. (These estimates are based on percent clay, percent calcium carbonate and percent rock fragments.)
1.3 Clay content is more than 40 percent from 3 to 24 inches.
2. Mesic Temperature Regime:
2.1 The mean annual soil temperature varies from 47 to 50 degrees F. (The MAST at temperature site no. 4, at 5000 feet, is 47 degrees F. from 5 years of data.)
3. Moisture Regime - Xeric:
3.1 The MCS is dry throughout from July 15th to November 1st (107 days). It is moist throughout from December 1st to May 15th.3
3.2 The soil temperature exceeds 41 degrees F. from April 15th to December 1st (229 days). Within this time period, the MCS is moist in some parts from April 15th to July 15th from November 1st to December 1st (121 days).
3.3 The soil temperature exceeds 47 degrees F. from May 15th to November 15th. Within this time period, the MCS is moist in some part from May 15th to July 15th (61 days).
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Control Sec. |___|___|___|___|_ | | | | | | _|___|
Moist Throughout | | | | | | | | | | | | Control Sec. | | | | | | | __|___|___|___|___| |
Dry Throughout| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Soil Temp. | | | |___|___|___|___|___|___|___|___| | Exceeds 41 degrees F. | | | | | | | | | | |
Soil Temp. | | | | |___|___|___|___|___|___|__ | | Exceeds 47 degrees F. | | | | | | | | | | |
Base saturation measured by the UCD Soil Morphology Lab.
A 59.6 percent base saturation;
Bt1 81.1 percent base saturation;
Bt2 83.0 percent base saturation;
Bt3 80.9 percent base saturation;
BCt 81.9 percent base saturation;
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.