LOCATION PENDER NC+FLEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Albaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Pender fine sandy loam. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
E--6 to 13 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--13 to 21 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few thin clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (2 to 9 inches thick)
Bt2--21 to 42 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay loam; few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few thin clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (15 to 35 inches thick)
BCg--42 to 54 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay loam with thin strata of sandy loam; few fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
Cg--54 to 58 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) clay loam with strata of sandy clay loam; few fine distinct pale green (5G 6/2) and common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; massive; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
2Cg--58 to 75 inches; white (10YR 8/1) soft marl with few fragments of hard marl; massive; very friable; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent.
TYPE LOCATION: Pender County, North Carolina; about 2.2 miles east of town of Rocky Point; 0.2 mile south of intersection of NC 210 and SR 1518 on SR 1518, then 25 feet west of road. State plane coordinates 252,200 feet N, and 2,349,400 feet E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the A and upper B horizon unless limed and moderately acid to mildly alkaline in the lower B horizon.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.
The E horizon, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.
The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 and 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.
The upper Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, values of 4 to 7, and chromas of 3 through 8. The lower Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 8, and is mottled. Low chroma colors occur within the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. It is sandy clay loam or clay loam. Silt content in the control section is less than 30 percent. The clay content of the Bt horizon is more than 2 times the clay content of the A or E horizon.
The BCg and Cg horizon is gray with mottles in shades of brown, yellow, and red. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. Thin strata of loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, clay loam, or clay are present in some pedons.
The 2Cg horizon is light colored soft marl, interbedded with clay and sandy clay in most pedons. Some pedons contain hard marl fragments and manganese concretions. Also some pedons contain platy ironstone fragments that occur as a discontinuous capping over the marl. Some pedons do not have a 2Cg horizon of marl and may be sandy, loamy, or clayey marine or fluvial sediments.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family. Closely related soils are the Goldsboro, Grifton, Invershiel, Meggett, and Tanyard. Goldsboro, Meggett, and Tanyard soils are not underlain by marl. In addition, Goldsboro soil lacks the abrupt textural change and the base saturation in less than 35 percent. Meggett soils have an aquic moisture regime and is in the five family. Tanyard soils have a lower base saturation and lack an abrupt textural changes. Grifton soils have an aquic moisture regime and lack an abrupt textural change. Invershield soils are in the five family and have montmorillinitic minerology.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pender soils are on uplands of the lower Coastal Plain. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in loamy Coastal Plain and alluvial sediments over marl and calcareous clays and sands. Near the type location the mean annual temperature is 64 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is 50 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing soils, Goldsboro, Grifton, Invershiel, and Meggett, there are Synchburg and Rains. Both soils occur in a lower position. They have an aquic moisture regime and lower base saturation.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well and somewhat poorly drained; slow runoff, medium internal drainage; moderate permeability. The water table is within 18 to 30 inches of the surface from December through March in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Much of the soil is in forest that consists mainly of loblolly pine and slash pine intermixed with hardwoods with an understory of inkberry, southern bayberry, blueberry, and greenbrier. Cleared areas are used for growing corn, soybeans, tobacco, truck crops, and small grains.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina and possibly Florida, South Carolina, and Virginia. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Raleigh, North Carolina
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pender County, North Carolina, 1986. Name taken from Pender County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 13 inches (the Ap and E horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from a depth of 13 to 42 inches (the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Albic feature - an abrupt textural change between the E to the Bt1 horizons.
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation NC0121 PENDER 0- 4 61- 65 215-260 45- 55 25- 70SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness NC0121 NONE 1.5-2.5 APPARENT DEC-MAR 60-60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC- NC0121 0-13 SL FSL 0- 0 100-100 5-17 3- 15 NC0121 0-13 LS LFS 0- 0 100-100 3-10 2- 10 NC0121 13-58 SCL CL 0- 0 100-100 20-35 10- 20 NC0121 58-75 VAR - - - -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll NC0121 0-13 4.5- 6.5 .5-2. 0- 0 2.0- 6.0 LOW NC0121 0-13 4.5- 6.5 .5-2. 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW NC0121 13-58 5.6- 7.8 0.-.5 0- 0 0.6- 2.0 LOW NC0121 58-75 - - - -