LOCATION PINHOOK IN
Established Series
Rev. GFF-FWS
09/2012
PINHOOK SERIES
The Pinhook series consists of deep, poorly drained, moderately rapid permeable soils formed in loamy glacial outwash low in carbonates. These terrace soils have slopes ranging from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 50 degrees F, and precipitation is about 35 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Pinhook loam - on a nearly level slope of less than 1 percent in an idle field at 690 feet elevation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap-0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
A2--8 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium platy structure; friable; few fine tubular pores; few dark gray (10YR 4/1) worm casts and thin linings in pores and old root zones; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
B21t--12 to 20 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) heavy loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine visicular and tubular pores with dark brown (10YR 4/3) and black (10YR 2/1) thin organic and clay films as linings; few black concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B22t--20 to 30 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; few coarse distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; white (N 8/0) silt coatings (dry) on faces of some peds; thin discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of some peds and linings in pores; 10 percent shale fragments and fine gravel; few black concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B23t--30 to 39 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; few coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; 10 percent shale fragments and fine gravel; thin discontinuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds and linings of some pores; few black concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the B2t is 20 to 40 inches.)
B3--39 to 51 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and gray (10YR 6/1) stratified shaly sandy loam and loamy sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; 15 percent shale fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
IIC--51 to 72 inches; mottled gray (10YR 6/1) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) stratified loamy sand and sand; single grained; loose; 1 percent coarse fragments (mostly shale); strongly acid in the upper part and neutral at 60 to 72 inches.
TYPE LOCATION: La Porte County, Indiana; about 1/2 mile east and 1/2 mile north of Dillon; 1,350 feet north and 1,230 feet east of southwest corner of sec. 29, T. 36 N., R. 1 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness typically is 40 to 56 inches. Except for A horizons that have been limed, sola is commonly very strongly acid or strongly acid and less commonly medium acid. Coarse fragments range from 2 to 25 percent throughout the solum.
The Al or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam or sandy loam.
The A2 horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5YR, or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or less. It is loam or sandy loam.
The B2t horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5YR, or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or less. Mottles range from few to many, fine to coarse, and faint to prominent. It is commonly loam or sandy loam. Individual horizons in some pedons are loamy sand, sandy clay loam, gravelly loam, gravelly sandy loam, gravelly loamy sand or gravelly sandy clay loam. It has weak to moderate, medium to coarse subangular blocky structure or weak to moderate, medium to coarse prismatic that parts to subangular blocky. The B2t has friable or firm consistency.
The IIC horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5YR, or 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 6. It is stratified loamy sand, sand, gravelly sand, and gravelly loamy sand. Individual horizons have less than 1 percent to 30 percent coarse fragments.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Competing series is closely related families are
Quinn,
Morocco, and
Tedrow. Quinn soils have surface colors of higher value when the surface 6 inches are mixed. Morocco and Tedrow soils lack argillic horizons and contain more sand in the sola.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pinhook soils are on terraces. Slopes are commonly 2 percent or less. Pinhook soils formed in glacial outwash that is moderately high in sand and shale and low in carbonates. Summers are hot and winters are cold. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 55 degrees F, and annual average precipitation ranges from 30 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Pinhook soils are closely associated with the moderately well drained
Hanna, well drained
Tracy, and poorly drained
Quinn soils. These soils formed in the same kind of material as Pinhook and lack the dark colored surface layer. Hanna and Quinn soils are on nearly level slopes, and Tracy soils are on level to moderately steep slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; slow runoff, moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: A large part is cropped to corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Some are in permanent pasture and forest. Native vegetation is mixed forest with sedges and grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Indiana and possibly southwestern Michigan. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Porter County, Indiana, 1978.
REMARKS: Pinhook soils would have been classified Gray-Hydromorphic soil in the region of Gray-Brown Podzolic soils in the former system. Pinhook soils have been included with Quinn soils in past surveys.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.