LOCATION PIOPOLIS IL+IN MO OH

Established Series
Rev. BGN
08/2011

PIOPOLIS SERIES

The Piopolis series consists of very deep, poorly drained or very poorly drained soils formed in silty alluvium on flood plains or flood-plain steps within lake plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1092 mm (43 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, acid, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Piopolis silty clay loam, in a nearly level in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 117 meters (384 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary [13 to 30 cm (5 to 12 inches) thick]

Bg1--18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium faint gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg2--36 to 58 cm (14 to 23 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bg3--58 to 94 cm (23 to 37 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium prominent black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 20 to 122 cm (8 to 48 inches).]

Cg--94 to 152 cm (37 to 60 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; few coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Hamilton County, Illinois; about 10 miles north of McLeansboro; 1,340 feet south and 1,300 feet west of the center of sec. 26, T. 3 S., R. 6 E.; USGS Belle Prairie City, IL. topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 13 minutes 47 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 30 minutes 55 seconds W. UTM Zone 16, 367380 easting and 4232385 northing; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay and less than 15 percent sand
Soil moisture control section: the soil is not dry in all parts of the soil moisture control section for 45 or more days during the 120 days following the summer solstice
Other features: This soil has an irregular decrease in organic carbon content with increasing depth, but in some pedons the irregular decrease is slight

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6; 3 in some pedons in uncultivated areas
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silty clay loam, or less commonly silt loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Sand content: less than 20 percent
Redoximorphic features: concentrations have redder hue and higher chroma
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral, depending on liming history

Bg or Cg horizon, above a depth of 102 cm (40 inches):
Hue: 10YR to 5Y, or is neutral
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: averages 27 to 35 percent clay
Sand content: less than 15 percent
Redoximorphic features: concentrations have redder hue and higher chroma
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid

Bg or Cg horizon, below a depth of 102 cm (40 inches):
Texture: dominantly silty clay loam or silt loam; includes thin strata of fine sandy loam,
loam, or silty clay
Clay content: averages 25 to 38 percent
Sand content: less than 30 percent sand
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral and typically increases with depth

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Piopolis soils are in backswamps of flood plains or flood-plain steps within lake plains. Slope gradients commonly are less than 1 percent, and range from 0 to 2 percent. Piopolis soils formed in silty alluvium. The alluvium is silty clay loam in the upper part. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 965 to 1143 mm (38 to 45 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 12 to 14 degrees C (54 to 58 degrees F). Frost- free period is 180 to 200 days. Elevation is 104 to 183 meters (340 to 600 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Birds, Bonnie, Cape, Jacob, Karnak, Stendal, and Zipp soils. Birds, Bonnie, Cape, and Petrolia soils are in backswamps of flood plains. Bonnie soils contain less clay in the particle-size control section. Cape, Jacob, and Karnak soils contain more clay in the particle-size control section and are typically in backswamps. The somewhat poorly drained Stendal soils are on slightly higher flood-plain steps. The more clayey Zipp soils are on flats and depressions of lake plains.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained or very poorly drained. In undrained conditions, depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 61 cm (2 feet) above the surface to at the surface between November and June in normal years. Where drained, the depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 30 cm (1 foot) above the surface to 30 cm (1 foot) below between December and May in normal years. Potential for surface water runoff is low or negligible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low. Permeability is slow. Flooding from stream overflow is common during late winter and spring.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used to grow corn and soybeans. Some areas are in forest or are used for pasture. Native vegetation is hardwood trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 107B, 109, 111A, 112, 113, 114B, 115A, 115B, 115C, 116A, 120A, 120C, 124, and 126 in southern Illinois, southern Indiana, northeastern Missouri, and southeastern Ohio. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Johnson County, Illinois, 1954.

REMARKS: This soil was reclassified (3/2002) as an inceptisol based on the Eighth Edition of the "Keys to Soil Taxonomy" and the presence of a cambic horizon in the majority of pedons. In most areas these soils have been described as having weak or moderate blocky structure through the middle part of the series control section.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (7 inches) (Ap horizon)
Cambic horizon: from a depth of 18 to 94 cm (7 to 37 inches) (Bg1, Bg2, Bg3 horizons)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons below the ochric epipedon

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.