LOCATION PUMPER                  NV

Established Series
Rev. LIL/RAF/RLB/JBF
03/2016

PUMPER SERIES

The Pumper series consists of very deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in loess high in volcanic ash superimposed alluvium or lacustrine materials derived from mixed rocks. Pumper soils are on inset fans, alluvial fans, fan skirts, barrier bars and beach terraces. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 150 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 9 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Pumper loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 8 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many medium and fine vesicular pores; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 15 cm thick)

Bw1--8 to 30 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); clear smooth boundary. (15 to 40 cm thick)

2Bk--30 to 43 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; 65 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 48 cm thick)

3Bk--43 to 58 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 55 percent gravel; violently effervescent; many white (10YR 8/1) carbonate coatings on the underside of the gravel; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 80 cm)

3C--58 to 152 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; single grained; loose nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine, and few medium interstitial pores; 70 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Pershing County, Nevada; about 20 miles south of Winnemucca; 500 feet south and 500 feet east of the west quarter corner of section 28, T. 33 N., R. 38 E.; USGS Clear Creek Ranch 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 42 minutes 15 seconds N and longitude 117 degrees 43 minutes 12 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.7041667 latitude, -117.7200000 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry; moist in winter and spring, dry late May through November; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 12 degrees C.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 0 to 10 percent.
Rock fragments: 50 to 80 percent, mainly gravel.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.
Other features: Slightly effervescent in some pedons due to recharge from dust.

Bw horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 5 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist (5 dry and 3 moist is due to dark colored sand grains).
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Texture: Commonly loam, but includes very fine sandy loam, silt loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam, with a clay content of 12 to 25 percent.
Structure: Weak medium or coarse subangular blocky or prismatic.
Consistence: Nonsticky or slightly sticky, moist.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.

2Bk horizon
Value: 6 through 8 dry; 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3.
Texture: Very gravelly very fine sandy loam to extremely gravelly loam.
Clay content: 8 to 15 percent.
Rock fragments: 40 to 70 percent mainly gravel.
Structure: Subangular blocky or is massive.
Consistence: Nonsticky or slightly sticky and nonplastic or slightly plastic when moist.

3C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 4 through 8 dry, 3 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 3.
Texture: Is stratified and ranges from very gravelly sand to extremely gravelly coarse sand. Thin strata of sand or coarse sand are below 100 cm in some pedons.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Carbonates: Very thin coatings on at least the underside of rock fragments, and few or common soft carbonate masses in some pedons.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Annaw, Labkey, Lyx, and Toulon series.

Annaw soils are calcareous throughout, are moist intermittently 10 to 20 days July to September, and have mean annual soil temperature of 12 to 14 degrees C. Labkey soils contain 5 to 12 percent clay in the Bw horizon. Lyx soils are moist 10 to 20 days July to September and have mean annual soil temperature of 13 to 15 degrees C. Toulon soils are calcareous throughout.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Pumper soils are on alluvial fans, inset fan, fan skirts, barrier bars, lake plain terraces and beach terraces. These soils formed in loess high in volcanic ash superimposed over alluvium or lacustrine materials derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations are 1,220 to 1,955 meters. The climate cool, arid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 200 mm, mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Blackhawk, Dun Glen, and Raglan soils. Blackhawk soils have a strongly cemented duripan. Dun Glen soils have loam or very fine sandy loam particle-size control sections and have durinodes in a friable matrix. Raglan soils have silt loam particle-size control sections and have durinodes in a friable matrix.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained; slow runoff; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland, wildlife habitat, and a source area of gravel for construction purposes. The vegetation is principally shadscale and bud sagebrush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 24, 28B.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: BLM Sonoma Planning Unit, Nevada, 1974.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the surface to 18 cm (A and part of the Bw1 horizons)
Cambic horizon - The zone from 8 to 30 cm (Bw horizon)
Identifiable secondary carbonates - The zone from 43 to 58 cm (3Bk horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (2Bk, 3Bk and part of the Bw and 3C horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.