LOCATION TOULON NV+CA

Established Series
Rev. JAM/CRS/JVC/JBF
06/2017

TOULON SERIES

The Toulon series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Toulon soils are on longshore bars, beach terraces, beach plains, and barrier beaches. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 125 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Toulon very gravelly silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The soil surface is covered with approximately 75 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles which have a dark brown (10YR 4/3 dry) desert varnish on the upper side.

A1--0 to 8 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2) very gravelly silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; strong very thick platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and fine vesicular pores; 35 percent gravel; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 13 cm thick)

A2--8 to 25 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) very gravelly sandy loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many interstitial pores; few small fragments of decomposing tufa; fine carbonate coats and some fine gypsum crystals on the undersides of gravel; 50 percent gravel; violently effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 23 cm thick)

Bw1--25 to 33 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; many fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) fine and medium carbonate coats on the undersides of gravel; 50 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (8 to 20 cm thick)

Bw2--33 to 51 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) very gravelly coarse sandy loam, light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; many fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) fine and medium carbonate coats on the undersides of gravel; 50 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 28 cm thick)

Bk--51 to 157 cm; gray (N 5/) and pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) very gravelly very coarse sand, very dark gray (N 3/) and pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) moist; common colorless quartz grains and other very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sand and fine gravel; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine interstitial pores; 40 percent gravel and 15 percent cobbles; slightly effervescent to strongly effervescent where carbonates coat the undersides of gravel and cobbles; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Pershing County, Nevada; about 7 miles southwest of Lovelock; 970 feet west and 1,500 feet south of the northeast corner of section 18, T. 26 N., R. 31 E.; USGS Granite Point 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 40 degrees 7 minutes 14 seconds N and longitude 118 degrees 32 minutes 12 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 40.1205556 latitude, -118.536667 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry, moist for short periods during winter and spring, dry summer to mid-fall; typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C.
Depth to base of cambic horizon: 33 to 50 cm.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.
Salinity (EC): 0 to 4 mmhos/cm.
Sodicity (SAR): 0 to 12.
Gypsum content: 0 to 2 percent.
Other features: Soils on the lower parts of bars and terraces, commonly have thinner A and Bw horizons than those on higher parts.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: Average 0 to 5 percent.
Rock fragments: Average 5 to 35 percent cobbles, 40 to 60 percent gravel. Any single stratum may contain up to 80 percent gravel or cobbles. Lithology of fragments is mixed, but includes tufa.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent to violently effervescent.

Bw horizons
Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Very gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly loam, or very gravelly coarse sandy loam.
Rock fragments: 40 to 60 percent, mostly gravel.
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard dry.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent to violently effervescent.
Identifiable secondary carbonates: None to very few carbonate coats on the undersides of rock fragments.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.
Redoximorphic features: Relict redox concentrations of iron commonly increase with depth.
Other features: Some pedons lack gypsum and fragments of tufa. Some pedons have thin strata of fine sandy loam and very fine sandy loam.

Bk horizons
Hue 10YR, 7.5YR, or neutral (N).
Value: 5 through 8 dry, 4 through 8 moist.
Chroma: 0 through 2 dry, 0 through 4 moist.
Texture: Stratified gravelly coarse sand to extremely cobbly coarse sand.
Rock fragments: Average 5 to 35 percent cobbles, 35 to 60 percent gravel. Any single stratum may contain up to 80 percent gravel or cobbles. Lithology of fragments is mixed, but includes tufa.
Structure: Single grain or massive.
Consistence: Soft dry, very friable moist or is loose.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 5 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Annaw, Labkey, Lyx, and Pumper series.
Annaw and Lyx soils are intermittently moist in the moisture control section for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September. Lyx soils also have less than 5 percent cobbles in the particle-size control section. Labkey soils have mainly fine gravel of granitic rocks in the particle-size control section and do not have cobbles. Pumper soils are not effervescent in the A and Bw horizons and do not have relict redox concentrations of iron.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Toulon soils are on longshore bars, beach terraces, beach plains, and barrier beaches. They formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations range from 1,050 to 1,400 meters. The climate is cool-arid with cool, moist winters and hot, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 100 to 200 mm, the mean annual air temperature is 10 to 13 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 135 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bluewing and Whirlo soils. Bluewing soils are sandy-skeletal and do not have diagnostic subsurface horizons. Whirlo soils are loamy-skeletal and have cambic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Excessively drained; very low or low surface runoff; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Toulon soils are used for limited livestock grazing, as a source of gravel, and for wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly shadscale, Bailey greasewood, bud sagebrush, and Indian ricegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRAs 27 and 24.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pershing County, Nevada (Lovelock Area), 1963.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 18 cm (A1 and part of the A2 horizons).
Cambic horizon - The zone from 25 to 51 cm (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Bw1, Bw2 and the upper part of Bk horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: User Pedon ID: 2007NV027061.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.