LOCATION PADEN TN+MS
Established Series
Rev. JCJ/JLN
04/2011
PADEN SERIES
The Paden series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils with a fragipan in the subsoil. The soil formed in 1.5 to 4 feet of silty material and the underlying older alluvium or residuum. The soils are on stream terraces, primarily those associated with the Tennessee River and its tributaries. Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, thermic Glossic Fragiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Paden silt loam--forested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick)
E--1 to 8 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 16 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--16 to 23 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--23 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine and medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions on ped faces; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 12 to 25 inches)
E/B--28 to 34 inches; 60 percent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam (E part); weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam (Bt part); weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine vesicular pores; Bt part is brittle in 40 to 50 percent of the mass; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)
Btx--34 to 46 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; very firm; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions on prism faces and in vertical seams; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses as iron accumulations; brittle in 70 percent of mass; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 25 inches thick)
2Bt1--46 to 67 inches; 34 percent red (2.5YR 4/6), 33 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and 33 percent gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; strong fine and medium subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt2--67 to 90 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; many medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid. (Thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 15 to 50 inches)
TYPE LOCATION: Hardin County, Tennessee; 3.03 miles northwest of Crump, Tennessee on TN Highway 69; 0.2 miles north of the intersection of TN Highway 69 and Bethlehem Road, 0.9 miles south of the intersection of Woods Road and Bethlehem Road,75 feet west of Bethlehem Road in woods.
USGS Milledgeville Quad; (Latitude: 35 degrees, 15 minutes, 31.1 seconds North; Longitude: 88 degrees, 21 minutes, 1.7 seconds West.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solumn thickness and depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Depth to the fragipan ranges from about 18 to 36 inches. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid, except the surface layer is less acid where limed. Gravel ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the Ap, Bt, and Btx horizons and 0 to 35 percent in the 2Bt horizon. Some pedons have a 2C horizon with fragments ranging from 15 to 80 percent.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Horizons with value of 3 are less than 6 inches thick. Texture is silt loam, or silty clay loam in severely eroded pedons.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8 , Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The E part of the E/B horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7 and chroma of 1 to 3. Redoximorphic features are in shades of gray or brown. Texture is silt loam or rarely silt. The B part of the E/B horizon has the same colors and textures as the Btx horizon.
The Btx horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Common to many redoximorphic features are in shades of brown, red or gray. Texture is silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. It has common to many redoximorphic features in shades of gray, brown and yellow, or in many pedons it may be an evenly mottled pattern with no distinct matrix color. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay.
Many pedons have a 2C horizon with colors the same as the 2Bt. Texture of the layer is variable with a significant increase in water rounded fragments. Commonly, the texture of the fine-earth fraction is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam, but may range to loamy fine sand.
COMPETING SERIES: Paden is the only series in this family. Series in similar families are the
Bude,
Calloway,
Dickson,
Dulac,
Grenada,
Lax,
Loring,
Olivier,
Ora,
Pheba,
Prentiss,
Providence,
Sango,
Locust, and
Savannah series. Bude, Calloway, Olivier, and Pheba soils have gray mottles in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon or within 16 inches of the soil surface. Dulac, Grenada, Loring, and Providence soils have more than 35 percent base saturation. Dickson soils have siliceous mineralogy. Lax and soils do not have an E/B horizon and contain more than 35 percent coarse fragments within a depth of 2 to 4 feet.
Nixa and Paraloma soils have more than 35 percent coarse fragments throughout the B horizon and are mesic. Ora, Prentiss, Locust, and Savannah soils are fine-loamy. Sango soils are coarse-silty.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Paden soils are on undulating stream terraces of the Tennessee River and its tributaries. Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent. The soil formed in 18 to 48 inches of silty material and the underlying older alluvium or residuum. Near the type location, the mean annual temperature is 60.8 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is 58.9 inches near the type location.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Savannah,
Etowah,
Pickwick,
Gumdale,
Busseltown, and
Waynesboro series. Etowah, Pickwick, and Waynesboro soils are well drained and lack fragipans. The Gumdale and Busseltown soils are fine-loamy. In addition the Gumdale soils are somewhat poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is negligible to medium. Permeability is slow or very slow in the fragipan and moderate above the fragipan.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the acreage has been cleared and is used for growing cotton, corn, soybeans, hay and pasture. A small acreage is in trees chiefly oak, hickory, elm, and beech.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The MLRA 133A region of western Tennessee, northeastern Mississippi, and possibly western Kentucky, and along the Tennessee River and its major tributaries. The series is of large extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Humphreys County, Tennessee; 1938.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 8 inches (A and E horizons)
Glossic horizon - 28 to 34 inches (E/B horizon)
Fragipan - 34 to 46 inches (Btx horizon)
Argillic horizon - 8 to 90 inches (Bt, Btx, and 2Bt horizons)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.