LOCATION PERCELL IN

Established Series
Rev. BGN-SWN
06/2012

PERCELL SERIES

The Percell series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on dissected, loess-covered lake plains. They formed in loess and the underlying lacustrine deposits. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1168 mm (46 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Percell silt loam on a 3 percent slope in a hay field at an elevation of about 125 meters (410 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 31 cm (7 to 12 inches) thick]

Bt1--20 to 31 cm (8 to 12 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots between peds; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--31 to 56 cm (12 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots between peds; many faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--56 to 76 cm (22 to 30 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots between peds; many faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common prominent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4--76 to 124 cm (30 to 49 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots between peds; many prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; many coarse prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 86 to 157 cm (34 to 62 inches).]

2Bt5--124 to 152 cm (49 to 60 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots between peds; few prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; common irregular black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; many fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt6--152 to 178 cm (60 to 70 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 41 to 91 cm (16 to 36 inches).]

2Btk--178 to 203 cm (70 to 80 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common irregular carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 2,300 feet (701 meters) west and 2,600 feet (793 meters) north of the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 5 S., R. 3 W., USGS Fulda, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 02 minute 17.4 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 46 minutes 40.5 seconds W., UTM Zone 16, 519487 easting and 4210072 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess: 114 to 178 cm (45 to 70 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 22 percent
Sand content: 4 to 20 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

A horizon (less than 13 cm or 5 inches thick), where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 22 percent
Sand content: 4 to 20 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 22 to 30 percent
Sand content: 4 to 20 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid and the upper part ranges to neutral in limed areas

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6, with redoximorphic depletions
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay and includes thin strata of silt loam
Clay content: 27 to 48 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

2Btk or 2BCk horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 to 6, with redoximorphic depletions
Texture: commonly silty clay, and less commonly silt loam or silty clay loam and can be stratified
Clay content: 22 to 50 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 30 percent

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ashburn, Blocher, Deuchars, Gallipolis, Jeneva, Stonehead, Tarhollow and Westgate series. Ashburn has a lithic contact in the series control section. Blocher and Jeneva soils average more than 10 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Deuchars, Stonehead, Tarhollow and Westgate soils have a paralithic contact in the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Percell soils are on narrow summits, shoulders and backslopes of dissected, loess-covered lake plains. They formed in 114 to 178 cm (45 to 70 inches) of loess, and the underlying lacustrine deposits. Mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F) and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches). Frost free days range from 170 to 200.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hartz, Lauer, McGary, Markland, and Shircliff soils on lake plains. The moderately well drained Hartz soils are on narrow flats. The somewhat poorly drained Lauer and McGary soils are on flats. The well drained Markland are on backslopes and the moderately well drained Shircliff soils are on summits and shoulders.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (1.41 to 14.11 micrometers/s) in the upper part of the solum and moderately low or moderately high (0.42 to 14.23 micrometers/s) in the lower part. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the upper part of the solum, and moderately slow or slow in the lower part. The potential for surface water runoff is low. Depth to an intermittent, perched high water table is at 61 to 102 centimeters (2 to 3.3 feet) from December through April in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for growing corn, soybeans, and hay or are used for pasture. A few areas are used for woodland. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Indiana. The acreage is of small extent in MLRA's 120B and 122.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Indiana, 1997

REMARKS: Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 20 cm or 8 inches (Ap horizon);
2) Argillic horizon- the zone from 20 to 203 cm or 8 to 80 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, 2Bt5, 2Bt6, 2Btk horizons);
3) Redoximorphic depletions at 76 to 203 cm or 30 to 80 inches.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on the typical pedon S93IN-123-011 in the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.