LOCATION RENWASH SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Renwash loam - on a convex slope of 1 percent, in a cultivated field. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; 1 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bw1--7 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine pores; 1 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--12 to 17 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine pores; 1 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 6 to 12 inches)
2C1--17 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy sand, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; single grain; loose; few carbonate coats on undersides of gravel; 20 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt wavy boundary.
2C2--22 to 36 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose; common carbonate coats on undersides of gravel; 30 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary.
2C3--36 to 80 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose; few carbonate coats on undersides of gravel; 50 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
TYPE LOCATIONS: Brookings County, South Dakota; located about 110 feet south and 750 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 112 N., R. 51 W.; USGS Bruce, S. Dak. topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 29 minutes 57 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 53 minutes 26 seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to sandy and gravelly textures ranges from 14 to 20 inches. Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 16 inches.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is loam, but is gravelly loam or sandy loam in some pedons. It ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR,or 2.5Y; value of 3 to 5 and 3 or 4 moist; and chroma of 1 to 4. It typically is loam, but is sandy loam or sandy clay loam with more than 18 percent clay. It is moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
Some pedons have a BC or Bk horizon.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 7 and 3 to 6 moist; and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sand, loamy sand, coarse sand or their gravelly or very gravelly analoques. It ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brantford and Renshaw series. The Brantford soils contain more than 35 percent soft shale fragments in the lower one-third of the series control section. The Renshaw soils do not have saturation with water within the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Renwash soils are on flood plains. They formed in loamy alluvium over stratified sand and gravel. Slopes are plane or convex and range from 0 to 2 percent. Elevations range from 1000 to 2350 feet. Mean annual precipitation is 20 to 24 inches. The frost-free period is 120 to 140 days. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 40 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are
Allivar,
Divide,
Fordtown,
Marysland, and
Spottswood soils. The Allivar soils have less than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the series control section and are on slightly higher positions on the landscape. Divide, Fordtown, Marysland, and Spottswood soils are 20 to 40 inches to sand and gravel. In addition, the Divide and Marysland soils have a calic horizon with 16 inches. The Divide, Marysland, and Spottswood soils are on slightly concave and lower parts of the landscape. The Fordtown soils are on slightly lower parts of the landscape.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is very low. Permeability is moderate in the upper part and very rapid in the underlying material. A seasonal high water table is at a depth of 3.5 to 6 feet from March to May in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated and are used to grow corn and hay. Native grasses are needleandthread, little bluestem, blue grama, plains muhly, and prairie dropseed.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern South Dakota (MLRA 102A). The series is of minor extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Brookings County, South Dakota, 1995.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 12 inches (Ap and Bw1 horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from about 12 to 17 inches (Bw2 horizon).