LOCATION REYBOLD DE+MDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Reybold silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a cultivated field (Colors are for moist soil.)
Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable, slightly sticky; slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; common fine tubular pores; 1 percent, by volume rounded gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (15 to 30 cm)
Bt1--25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, moderately sticky; moderately plastic; few medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films in root channels and pores; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; few fine and medium tubular pores; common worm casts; 1 percent, by volume rounded gravel; slightly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt2--46 to 76 cm (18 to 30 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable, moderately sticky; moderately plastic; many very fine and fine roots; few medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films in root channels and pores; common very fine and fine and few medium roots; few very fine tubular pores; 2 percent, by volume rounded gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 76 cm ).
2BC--76 to 99 cm (30 to 39 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) gravelly coarse sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; slightly plastic; neutral; 27 percent, by volume rounded gravel; slightly acid; diffuse wavy boundary. (0 to 30 cm thick)
2C1--99 to 124 cm (39 to 49 inches); reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) gravelly coarse sandy loam; massive; very friable; nonsticky; nonplastic; neutral; 18 percent, by volume rounded gravel; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2C2--124 to 183 cm (49 to 72 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) coarse sandy loam; massive; very friable; nonsticky; nonplastic; slightly acid; 13 percent, by volume rounded gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: New Castle County, Delaware. About 2,000 feet east of the intersection of County Road 38 (Noxontown Road) and State Route 896; about 400 feet north, in a cultivated field. USGS Middletown topographic quadrangle. Lat. 39 degrees 26 minutes 03 seconds N. and long. 75 degrees 42 minutes 11 seconds W; NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the top of the Argillic Horizon: 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches)
Depth to the base of the Argillic Horizon: 41 to 107 cm (16 to 42 inches)
Depth to Bedrock: Greater than 183 cm (72 inches)
Depth to Seasonal High Water Table: Greater than 183 cm (72 inches)
Depth to Lithologic Discontinuity: 30 to 114 cm (12 to 45 inches)
Rock Fragment content: 0 to 10 percent, by volume in the A, E and Bt horizons, 0 to 35 percent in the 2Bt horizon, and 0 to 70 percent in the 2BC and 2C horizons; mostly rounded quartzite gravel
Soil Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, unless limed
Glauconite Content: 0 to 2 percent, by volume, in the A, E, and B horizons and 0 to 10 percent in the C horizon
Other Features: Some pedons have redoximorphic concentrations and/or depletions, with chroma of 3 or more, in a thin zone above or at the contact with the lithologic discontinuity. The content of silt plus very fine sand is 35 percent or more above the lithologic discontinuity.
RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL HORIZONS:
Ap or A horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4
Texture--silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
BA, BE, or E horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture--silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
Bt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 4 to 6.
Texture-- silt loam, loam, or fine sandy loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses or depletions in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive with chroma of 3 or more
2Bt horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 4 to 6
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loam, clay loam, or sandy clay loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses or depletions in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive with chroma of 3 or more
2BC or 2BCt horizon:
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 4 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses or depletions in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive with chroma of 3 or more
2C horizon (if it occurs):
Color--hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6, chroma of 6 to 8
Texture (fine-earth fraction)--coarse sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy sand, or coarse sandy loam
Redoximorphic features (if they occur)--iron masses or depletions in shades of red, brown, yellow, or olive with chroma of 3 or more
COMPETING SERIES:
There are more than 45 series in the same family. Soils listed in this section formed in similar parent materials and are within the same MLRA or adjoining MLRAs.
Freehold soils--do not have a silty mantle and have 2 to 10 percent, by volume glauconite in the particle-size control section; on ridges and side slopes
Wist soils--do not have a silty mantle, have 2 to 20 percent, by volume glauconite in the particle-size control section, and have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 102 to 183 cm (40 to 72 inches); on ridges and side slopes
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landscape: Coastal plain
Landform: Upland interfluves
Parent Material: Silty eolian deposits underlain by sandy and loamy fluvio-marine sediments
Slope: 0 to 10 percent Elevation: 6 to 37 meters (20 to 120 feet)
Frost Free Period: 190 to 210 days
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 11 to 14 degrees C. (52 to 58 degrees F.)
Mean Annual Precipitation: 1067 to 1270 mm (42 to 50 inches)
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Sassafras soils--do not have a silty mantle and have siliceous mineralogy; on similar landforms
Downer soils--do not have a silty mantle and have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section; on similar landforms
Woodstown soils--do not have a silty mantle and have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 46 to 107 cm (18 to 42 inches); on lower-lying landforms
Unicorn soils--do not have a silty mantle, have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section and have a seasonal high water table at a depth of 107 to 183 cm (42 to 72 inches); on slightly lower-lying landforms
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage Class (Agricultural): Well drained
Internal Free Water Occurrence Class: Very deep, absent
Flooding Frequency and Duration: None
Ponding Frequency and Duration: None
Index Surface Runoff: Negligible to medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Class: Moderately high or high
Permeability Class (obsolete): Moderately slow or moderate
Shrink-swell potential: Low
USE AND VEGETATION:
Major Uses: Presently being rapidly converted from farmland to residential, light industrial, and commercial uses
Dominant Vegetation: Where farmed, corn and soybeans. Very little acreage remains in forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution: Coastal plain areas of Maryland and Delaware
Extent: Moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kent County, Delaware 2006
REMARKS: Reybold soils were previously mapped as inclusions in the Matapeake and Sassafras series. Base saturation at the critical depth for taxonomic placement exceeds 35 percent (sum of cations). The high base status is thought to be due to extensive liming practices and not inherent of parent material weathering.
Diagnostic horizons and characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 25 cm (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon--the zone from 25 to 76 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity--Abrupt textural contact at 76 cm (2BC horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Characterization data is available from the Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE: pedon S95DE003-004.
Revised: 04/2007-JWB