LOCATION RUNEBERG           MN+NY
Established Series
Rev. CTS-ROP
09/2005

RUNEBERG SERIES


The Runeberg series consists of very deep, poorly drained and very poorly drained soils formed in loamy glacial till in drumlin fields and glacial moraines. These soils have moderately slow or slow permeability. Their slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 27 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 42 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Runeberg sandy loam with a slope of 1 percent on the toe slope of a drumlin in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine to medium granular structure; friable; about 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)

Bg1--10 to 18 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam; few fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) Fe concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2--18 to 26 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy loam; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) Fe concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 9 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bg horizons is 4 to 20 inches.)

Cg--26 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy loam; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) Fe concentrations; medium platy soil fragments; friable; about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Todd County, Minnesota; about 2 miles east and 2.5 miles north of Eagle Bend; 2,650 feet north and 50 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 132 N., R. 34 W.; USGS Clarissa quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 12 minutes 3 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 59 minutes 57 seconds W., NAD27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates ranges from 17 to 36 inches. Rock fragments of mixed lithology comprise 3 to 15 percent of the volume of the series control section and C horizon but in some pedons rock coarse fragment range to 20 percent in the C horizon. The mollic epipedon ranges from 8 to 20 inches in thickness. The series control section averages between 8 to 18 percent clay and 50 to 70 percent sand. Some pedons have an 0 horizon less than 4 inches thick.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2 or N2/0 or N3/0. It has redoximorphic features in some pedons. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or its mucky modifier. It is slightly acid or neutral.

The B horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Some pedons have chroma of 3 in the lower part. It has faint to prominent redoximorphic features in all parts. It is sandy loam, or loam. It is slightly acid or slightly alkaline. A BC horizon is in some pedons.

The C or Cg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 1 to 3. It has faint to prominent redoximorphic features. It is slightly acid to moderately alkaline. It has 6 to 20 percent calcium carbonate equivalent.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Forada and Tiffany soils. The Forada soils have a sandy or sandy-skeletal 2C horizon beginning within depths of 40 inches. The Tiffany soils formed in glacial lacustrine or outwash sediments and do not have rock fragments.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Runeberg soils have plane or concave slopes on toe slopes of drumlins, "valleys" between drumlins and on glacial moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in calcareous coarse-loamy glacial till of the Wadena Lobe of the late Wisconsinan glaciation. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 22 to 32 inches, and 32 to 36 inches for the high PPT phases MN0100 and MN0101 used in New York for MLRA 142. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 37 to 45 degrees F. Frost-free days range from 40 to 150 days. Elevation ranges from 670 to 1600 feet above sea level, and from 200 to 800 feet for the high PPT and stony, high PPT phases.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Rockwood, Blowers, and Paddock soils which are members of a drainage sequence with Runeberg soils. The well drained Rockwood, moderately well drained Blowers and the somewhat poorly drained Paddock soils are on higher lying positions on drumlins.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. Runoff is low or very low. Permeability is moderately slow or slow. The poorly drained phases have a perched water table at 0.5 to 2.0 feet during November to July in most years. The very poorly drained phase has an apparent water table at plus 1 to 0.5 feet from January to December in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used primarily for growing pasture. Small areas are cropped. Native vegetation was mostly grasses and sedges with scattered elm and black ash.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Minnesota; mainly Becker, East Otter Tail, Wadena, and Todd Counties; Northern New York. Moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Todd County, Minnesota, 1985.

REMARKS: Type location was transferred to Todd County due to more knowledge in the area. This was formerly classified as coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplaquolls.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - zone from the surface to a depth of 10 inches (A horizon); cambic horizon - zone from 10 to 26 inches (Bg horizons); aquic subgroup - low chroma immediately below mollic epipedon.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to MN Agr. Exp. Sta. Central File Code No. 410 for results of some laboratory analysis of a pedon of this series. Soil Interpretation Record numbers are: MN0293; MN0500, depressional; MN0614, acid substratum.


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.