LOCATION SOLON NYTentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Solon channery silt loam, on a 58 percent slope in a wooded area of mixed forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A-- 0 to 2 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) broken face channery silt loam; estimated 8 percent clay; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; common fine roots throughout and common medium roots throughout and common coarse roots throughout; common fine vesicular pores; 3 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 150 to 380 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments and 17 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 2 to 76 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Chlorophenol red; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 11 inches thick.)
BA-- 2 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) broken face very channery silt loam; estimated 8 percent clay; weak medium subangular blocky structure, and weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout and common medium roots throughout and common coarse roots throughout; common fine vesicular and common fine tubular pores; 5 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 150 to 380 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments and 40 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 2 to 76 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments; very strongly acid, pH 5.0, Chlorophenol red; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 3 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 5 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) broken face very channery silt loam; estimated 12 percent clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure, and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout and common medium roots throughout and common coarse roots throughout; common fine vesicular and common fine tubular pores; 10 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 150 to 380 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments and 46 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 2 to 76 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments; strongly acid, pH 5.2, Chlorophenol red; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 11 to 24 inches; 70 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) broken face and 30 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) broken face extremely channery loam; estimated 12 percent clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure, and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout and common medium roots throughout and common coarse roots throughout; common fine tubular and common fine vesicular and common medium vesicular pores; 20 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 150 to 380 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments and 50 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 2 to 76 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments; strongly acid, pH 5.2, Chlorophenol red; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 5 to 21 inches.)
BC-- 24 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) broken face extremely channery loam; estimated 10 percent clay; massive; firm; common fine roots throughout; common fine vesicular and common medium vesicular pores; 15 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 150 to 380 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments and 50 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 2 to 76 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments; strongly acid, pH 5.4, Chlorophenol red; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 11 inches thick.)
2C-- 30 to 37 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) broken face extremely channery loam; estimated 10 percent clay; massive; firm; common fine roots in cracks; common medium vesicular and common coarse vesicular pores; 30 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 150 to 380 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments and 44 percent flat subangular strongly cemented 2 to 76 millimeter sedimentary rock fragments; moderately acid, pH 5.6, Chlorophenol red; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 16 inches thick).
2R-- 37 inches; thin bedded sandstone and siltstone bedrock, jointed and with shattered sections, few fine roots penetrate in cracks.
TYPE LOCATION: Cortland County, New York; Town of Taylor, Taylor Valley State Forest. USGS Cincinnatus, NY 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle Latitude 42 degrees, 38 minutes, 52.6 seconds N. Longitude 75 degrees, 58 minutes, 19.5 seconds W. NAD 1983. Elevation 1507 feet.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 59 inches. Depth to bedrock is from 20 to 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 5 to 50 percent in the mineral surface, 25 to 70 percent in the substratum, and 35 to 80 percent in the substratum, with greater than 35 percent weighted average between a depth of 10 and 40 inches. Rock fragments are dominantly sandstone and siltstone with smaller amounts of shale. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to very strongly acid throughout.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y and has value of 2 to 4 and chroma of 1 through 3. Texture is silt loam, loam or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Some pedons have a thin organic surface layer.
The BA horizon, if present, has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y and has value of 2 to 4 and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is silt loam, loam or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate, fine to coarse granular or subangular blocky.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 3 through 8. Texture is silt loam, loam, or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate, fine to coarse subangular blocky. Consistence is very friable or friable.
The BC horizon, if present, has hue, value, and chroma similar to the Bw horizon. Texture in the fine earth fraction is silt loam, loam, or sandy loam. Structure is weak fine to coarse subangular blocky or platy or is massive. Consistence is friable or firm.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Consistence is friable or very firm. Some pedons may have a 2Cr horizon above bedrock.
COMPETING SERIES: The Berks, Blasdell, Brownstown, Brownsville, Cadosia, Calvin, Cloverlick, Deadline, Highsplint, Jubin, Judyville, Keyesville(T), Lippitt, Matewan, Manlius, Nailkeg, Peaks, Sylco, Warwick, and Wyoming series are in the same family. Berks and Brownstown soils have measurable amounts of kaolnite in the clay fraction. Blasdell, Cadosia, Jubin, Warwick, and Wyoming soils are very deep. Brownsville, Cloverlick, Highsplint, Judyville, and Matewan soils are formed in colluvium or residium derived from sandstone, shale, and/or siltstone bedrock. Calvin soils have hue of 7.5YR or redder throughout the soil. Deadline and Nailkeg soils formed in colluvium and residuum derived from schist or phyllite rock types of the Colebrooke Schist Formation in Oregon. Keyesville (T) has more sand in the lower part of the solum. Lippitt soils are somewhat excessively drained soils derived from gneiss, schist, and granite. Manlius soils are only moderately deep soils that are formed over acid shale and can sometimes be excessively well drained. Peaks soils formed in residuum and have rock fragment dominated by granite, gneiss and shist. Sylco soils formed in residuum and have rock fragments dominated by phyllite and slate. Also Berks, Brownstown, Calvin, Cloverlick, Deadline, Highsplint, Jubin, Judyville, Keyesville(T), Matewan, Nailkeg, Peaks and Sylco soils are from outside LRR R.
Lordstown, Chadakoin, and Oquaga are similar soils in a related family. Lordstown and Chadakoin soils have a coarse-loamy particle size control section. Oquaga soils do not allow 10YR and 2.5Y hues within the profile.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Solon soils are strongly sloping to very steep soils that typically occur on side slopes of ridges and valley sides. Slope ranges from 3 to 70 percent. They formed in till and colluvium derived from siltstone, sandstone, and some shale. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 48 degrees F, mean annual precipitation ranges from 35 to 45 inches, and the mean frost-free season ranges from 110 to 150 days. The elevation ranges from 860 feet to 1750 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Cadosia, Chadakoin, Lordstown, Arnot, Mardin, and Volusia soils are on nearby landscapes. Cadosia soils are very deep. Chadakoin soils are deep and very deep with a coarse-loamy particle size control section. Arnot soils are 20 inches or less to bedrock. Lordstown soils are moderately deep to bedrock and have less than 35 percent rock fragments throughout. Volusia and Mardin soils are nearby associates that have fragipans.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high in the solum and moderately high to very high in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderate to very rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most area is wooded. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods including sugar maple, beech, white ash, black cherry, and northern red oak along with eastern white pine and hemlock.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Glaciated Appalachian Plateau in central and western New York and Pennsylvania. MLRA 140. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES PROPOSED: Cortland County, New York, 2005. Named for the adjacent Town of Solon.
REMARKS: This series is proposed as a loamy-skeletal Lordstown. Prior to Taxonomy these soils were in the range of the Lordstown series.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typical pedon are:
1) Ochric Epipedon - from 0 to 5 inches (A and BA horizons).
2) Cambic Horizon - from 5 to 30 inches (Bw and BC horizons).