LOCATION SPICKERT INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Spickert silt loam on a 9 percent slope in forested area at an elevation of about 253 meters (830 feet) above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); partially decomposed leaves from mixed deciduous trees. [3 to 8 cm (1 to 3 inches) thick]
Ap--5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and medium and few coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [10 to 23 cm (4 to 9 inches) thick]
Bt1--18 to 53 cm (7 to 21 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--53 to 71 cm (21 to 28 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) silt coats on faces of peds; common fine black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--71 to 79 cm (28 to 31 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; common fine black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; many distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions on faces of peds; 2 percent sand; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 41 to 76 cm (16 to 30 inches).]
2Btx1--79 to 124 cm (31 to 49 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure; very firm; few fine roots between peds; common fine vesicular pores; many prominent gray (10YR 6/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions; few prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) clay depletions on faces of peds; 10 percent sand; 2 percent channers; brittle; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [41 to 56 cm (16 to 22 inches) thick]
2Btx2--124 to 147 cm (49 to 58 inches); brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent channers; brittle; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. [10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 inches) thick]
2BC--147 to 163 cm (58 to 64 inches); brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) channery silt loam; massive; friable; common medium prominent light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 20 percent channers; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) thick]
2R--163 to 188 cm (64 to 74 inches); fractured, very strongly cemented siltstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Jackson County, Indiana; 4 miles northwest of the town of Norman or 2.5 miles west and south of the town of Maumee; 1,190 feet east and 1,320 feet south of the center of sec. 28, T. 7 N., R 2 E. USGS Elkinsville, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 00 minutes 34.2 seconds N. and long. 086 degrees 18 minutes 17 seconds W., UTM Zone 16, 560197 easting and 4318060 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to a fragipan: 51 to 91 cm (20 to 36 inches), except severely eroded
Thickness of the loess: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
pedons range from 30 to 51 cm (12 to 20 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 102 to 203 cm (40 to 80 inches)
Depth to bedrock (lithic contact): dominantly from 152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches), but ranges from 127 to 229 cm (50 to 90 inches)
Rock fragments are dominantly strongly cemented or very strongly cemented siltstone channers.
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid to neutral
A horizon (2 to 4 inches thick), where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid
E or EB horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid
BE horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid and ranges to neutral in limed areas
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 24 to 32 percent
Sand content: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid and the upper part ranges to slightly acid in limed areas
2Btx horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 14 to 28 percent
Sand content: 8 to 25 percent (medium and coarser sand is less than 5 percent)
Reaction: very strongly acid or extremely acid
Rock fragment content: 1 to 14 percent channers
2BC or 2CB horizon, or 2Bt horizon where present:
Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam or their channery or very channery analogues
Clay content: 14 to 33 percent
Sand content: 8 to 35 percent (medium and coarser sand is less than 10 percent)
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid
Rock fragment content: 10 to 50 percent channers
Some pedons have a thin Cr horizon 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches) thick
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Jennings and Medora series. Jennings soils have a clay content of more than 33 percent in the lower part of the series control section and formed in loess, a paleosol in till and residuum from black shale. Medora soils do not have a lithic contact in the series control section and formed in loess, loamy material and a paleosol in outwash.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Spickert soils are on summits and shoulders of hills underlain with siltstone bedrock. They formed in 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of loess and the underlying residuum from siltstone. Mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F), and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches). Frost-free days range from 170 to 200. Elevation ranges from 105 to 305 meters (345 to 1000 feet) above mean sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brownstown, Gilwood and Wrays soils. The moderately deep, well drained Brownstown and Gilwood soils are typically on shoulders and backslopes. The well drained, more permeable Wrays soils are typically on shoulders and the upper part of backslopes.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s) above the fragipan and low to moderately high (0.07 to 1.41 micrometers/s) in the fragipan. Permeability is moderate above the fragipan and slow or very slow in the fragipan. The potential for surface water runoff is medium to very high. Depth to an intermittent perched seasonal high water table is at 46 to 76 centimeters (1.5 to 2.5 feet) from December through April in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in forest or are used for hay and pasture. A few areas are used for growing cultivated crops, mainly corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Indiana. The series is of moderate extent in the east part of MLRA 120C in Indiana.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Jackson County, Indiana, 1995. The name is from a knob area named in Clark County, Indiana
REMARKS: The classification of this series is placed in the Fragiudult great group, and the subgroup would be Oxyaquic if it was recognized in Soil Taxonomy. Base saturation lab data runs between 24 and 46 percent. Base saturation determined by field kits also shows the base status goes above and below 35 percent, but is dominantly below 35 percent at the critical depth.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon: the zone from 5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 inches) (Ap horizon)
2) Argillic horizon: the zone from 18 to 147 cm (7 to 58 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3,
2Btx1, 2Btx2 horizons)
3) Fragipan: the zone from 79 to 124 cm (31 to 49 inches) (2Btx1 horizon)
4) Lithic contact: the zone from 163 to 188 cm (64 to 74 inches)
5) Redoximorphic depletions: the zone from 71 to 163 cm (28 to 64 inches).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data available: Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University; Station Bulletin No. 323, file no. WS7903; Station Bulletin No. 360, file no. JN7910; Station Bulletin No. 412, file no. JN8015 (typical pedon).